7.Organizing the Body of the Speech
Main points
Strategic Order of Main Points
Tips for Preparing Main Points
Supporting Materials
Connectives
Transitions
Internal Previews
Internal Summaries
Signposts
Listeners demand coherence.Ulike readers,they cannot flip back to a previous page if they have trouble grasping a speaker’s ideas,In this respect a speech is much like a movie,Just as a director must be sure viewers can follow the plot of a film from beginning to end,so must a speaker be sure listeners can follow the progression of ideas in a speech from beginning to end,This requires that speeches be organized strategically,They should be put together in particular ways to achieve particular result with particular audiences.
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Speech organization is important for other reasons as well.As we saw in Chapter 1,it is cloly connected to critical thinking.When you work to organize your speeches,you gain practice in the general skill of establishing clear relationships among your ideas.In addition,using a clear,specific method of speech organization can boost your credibility,your confidence,and your ability to deliver a message fluently.
The first step in developing a strong n of speech organization is to gain command of the three basic parts of a speech-introduction,body,and conclusion-and the strategic role
of each.In this chapter,we deal with the body of the speech.The next chapter will take up the introduction and conclusion.
There are good reasons for talking first about the body of the speech.The body is the longest and most important part.Also,you will usually prepare the body first..It is easier to create an effective introduction after you know exactly what you will say in the body.
The process of organizing the body of a speech begins when you determine the main points.
自学网教程Main Points
The main poits are the central features of your speech .You shoulid leet them carefully,phra them precily,and arrange them strategically.Here are the main points of a speech about the events in women’s gymnastics:
Specific Purpo:To inform my audience about the four events in women”s gymnastics.
Central Idea: The four events in women’s gymanastics are floor exerci,vault,balance beam,and uneven parallel bars.
Main Points: ⅰ.Floor exerci combines dancing,acrobatics,and tumbling.
ⅱ.Vault features explosive power
cissyⅲ. Balance beam requires preci routines and perfect coordination.
ⅳ. Uneven parallel bars demand strength, flexibility, and agility.watermelon的意思
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The four main points from the skeleton of the speech,If there are four events in women’s gymnastics,then logically there can be four main points in the speech.
How do you choo your main points?Sometimes they will be evident from your specific purpo statement,Suppo your specific purpo is”To iniform my audience about the goals,structure,and member states of the United Nations.”Obviously,your speech will have three main points.The first will deal with the goals of the United Nations, the cond
with the organization′s structure, and the third with its member states.Written in outline form, the main points will be:
Specific Purpo: To inform my audience about the goals, structure, and member states of the United Nations.
Central Idea : Compod of five administrative bodies and 192 member states, the United Nations is devoted to facilitating international cooperation .
Main Points: Ⅰ.The overarching goal of the United Nations is to facilitate inter-national cooperation.goldrush
Ⅱ.The United Nations is divided into five administrative bodies.
Ⅲ.The United Nations is made up of 192 member states.
Even if your main points are not stated expressly in your specific purpo, they may be easy to project from it .Let’s say your specific purpo is “To inform my audience of the b
asic steps in making a cloisonné object .”You know each of your main points will correspond to a step in the cloisonné-making process .They might look like this in outline form :
谷歌英文网Specific Purpo: To inform my audience of the steps in making a cloisonné object .
Central Ideaesntial: There are five basic steps in making a cloisonné
object .
Main Points: Ⅰ.The first step is shaping the metal into the form of the finished object .
Ⅱ.The cond step is creating a design by soldering fine wire to the surface of the object .
Ⅲ.The third step is filling the design with colored enamel.
Ⅳ.The fourth step is polishing the object .
Ⅴ.The final step is gilding the object with fluid gold .
foruSTRATEGIC ORDER OF MAIN POINTS
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Once you establish your main points ,you need to decide the order in which you will prent them .The most effective order depends on three things—your topic ,your purpo, and your audience. Chapters 13 and 14 will cover special aspects of organizing informative speeches and persuasive speeches.Here we look briefly at the four basic patterns of organization ud most often by public speakers .
