Chapter I The Renaissance Period (一) 文艺复兴时期概述英文美术字
1. 识记：（1）文艺复兴时期的界定
（2）历史文化背景
2. 领会: （1）文艺复兴运动的意义与影响
高二英语阅读理解练习 （2）文艺复兴时期的文学特点
（3）人文主义的主张及对文学的影响
3. 应用：文艺复兴，人文主义及玄学诗等名词的解释
I. 应用
Definitions of the Literary Terms:
1. The Renaissance: The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world. Generally, it refers to the period between the 14th & 17th centuries. It first started in Italy, with the flowering of painting, sculpture & literature. From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe. The Renaissance, which means "rebirth" or "revival," is actually a movement stimulated by a ries of historical even
ts, such as the re-discovery of ancient Roman & Greek culture, the new discoveries in geography & astrology, the religious reformation & the economic expansion. The Renaissance, therefore, in esnce is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers & scholars made attempts to get rid of tho old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe, to introduce new ideas that expresd the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, & to recover the purity of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.
get fresh2. Humanism: Humanism is the esnce of the Renaissance. It sprang from the endeavor to restore a medieval reverence for the ancient authors and is frequently taken as the beginning of the Renaissance on its conscious, intellectual side, for the Greek and Roman civilization was bad on such a conception that man is the measure of all things. Through the new learning, humanists not only saw the arts of splendor and enlightenment, but the human values reprented in the works. Renaissance humanists came to e that human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfections, and that the worl
d they inhabited was theirs not to despi but to question, explore, and enjoy. Thus, by emphasizing the dignity of human beings and the importance of the prent life, they voiced their beliefs that man did not only have the right to enjoy the beauty of this life, but had the ability to perfect himlf and to perform wonders.
3. Spenrian stanza: Spenrian stanza was invented by Edmund Spenr. It is a stanza of nine lines, with the first eight lines in iambic pentameter & the last line in iambic hexameter, rhyming ababbcbcc.
？ 4. Metaphysical poetry: The term "metaphysical poetry" is commonly ud to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne. With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry. The diction is simple as compared with that of the Elizabethan or the Neoclassic periods, and echoes the w
ords and cadences of common speech. The imagery in drawn from the actual life. The form is frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with God, or with himlf.
5. The Renaissance hero: A Renaissance hero refers to one created by Christopher Marlowe in his drama. Such a hero is always individualistic and full of ambition, facing bravely the challenge from both gods and men. He embodies Marlowe's humanistic ideas of human dignity and capacity. Different from the tragic hero in medieval plays, who eks the way to heaven through salvation and god's will, he is against conventional morality and contrives to obtain heaven on earth through his own efforts. With the endless aspiration for power, knowledge, and glory, the hero interprets the true Renaissance spirit. Both Tamburlaine and Faustus are typical in posssing such a spirit.
（二） 该时期的重要作家
1.一般识记：重要作家的文学生涯
2.识记：重要作品及主要内容
3.领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构，人物塑造，语言风格，艺术手法，社会意义等。
4.应用：（1）莎士比亚和邓恩诗歌的主题，意象
（2）喜剧《威尼斯商人》的主题和主要人物性格分析
（3）哈姆雷特的性格分析
（4）史诗《失乐园》的结构，人物性格，语言特点等的分析邓亚萍学英语
I. Edmund Spenr
1. 一般识记
Brief Introduction：English poet，born in London, England, about 1552,and died in London, Jan 13, 1599. 2. 识记His Major Works
Spenr's most important work & masterpiece is The Faerie Queen, a great poem of its age. A complex moral, religious, & political allegory, it is also an epic that exalts Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ& the English nation. According to Spenr's own explanation, hi
s principal intention is to prent through a "historical poem" the example of a perfect gentleman: "to fashion a gentleman or noble person in virtuous & gentle discipline." Its principal hero is the Arthur of medieval legend. The six books of the poem illustrate the nature of particular virtues, such as, temperance & justice. Other major works of Spenr are The Shepheardes Calender(1579), a poem consisting of 12 eclogues-corresponding to the 12 months of the year; Epithalamion (1595), a poem expressing the deep personal feelings occasioned by the poets cond marriage; Amoretti (1595), a ries of sonnets. 3. 领会His Influence
1) Main qualities of Spenr's poetry
①a perfect melody ②a rare n of beauty priorto③a splendid imagination ④a lofty moral purity & riousness ⑤a dedicated idealism
2) In his writing, Spenr drew on the conventions & thought of Classical, medieval, & Renaissance literature. However, he added to his fusion of the diver elements much that was original, & his works inspired many later English
poets. He created a new stanza, called the Spenrian stanza, which is well suited to narrative ver. His skills in writing melodious English ver & his combination of emotion, erudition, & spiritual vision have won him the admiration of generations of English poets. It is his idealism, his love of beauty, &his exquisite melody that make him known as "the poets' poet." 4. 应用
The Faerie Queen:
1) It is a long, allegorical poem. In the poem, Spenr dramatized political, religious, & moral themes by personifying them, or making them characters.
英译汉翻译工具 2)Plot: The story, which is t against a background of Arthur & medieval legend, deals with the adventures of six knights of the court of the fairy queen named Gloriana, who reprents Queen Elizabeth Ⅰ of English. The faerie Queen was left unfinished at Spenr's death. It was originally planned as a 12-book poem. But only 6 books were completed. The poem is particularly admired for the melodic beauty of its language & for its rich content of philosophical & mythological material prented in the form of vivid narratives.
II. Christopher Marlowe
1. 一般识记
Brief Introduction：English dramatist & poet,born in Canterbury, England, Feb, 6,1567, died in Deptford, England, May 30, 1593. Marlowe was the first great English Dramatist. He brought to the English stage a new concept of tragedy, one in which the drama centers around the struggles of a man overwhelmed by his passions & ambitions. 2. 识记His Major Works
关于祖国的演讲稿His most famous tragedies are 好听的圣诞歌Doctor Faustus, he Jew of MaltTa, Tamburlaine & Edward Ⅱ. In his plays, Marlowe ud blank ver, which he molded into a superb instrument for expressing inten emotions. After his development of blank ver it became the standard medium for English dramatic & epic poetry. His non-dramatic poetry includes Hero & Leander, "the Passionate shepherd to His love," & a ver translation of Ovid's Amores.
Doctor Faustus阿拉伯语学习 (about 1589), generally considered his best play, was bad on a re
al Dr. Faustus, who was later associated with a medieval legend of a man lling his soul to the devil. The play's dominant moral is human rather than religious. It celebrates the human passion for knowledge, power & happiness; it also reveals man's frustration in realizing the high aspirations in a hostile moral order. The last scene, in which Faustus confronts his doom, brilliantly renders the fear & agony of a condemned man.
The Jew of Malta (about 1589) illustrates Marlowe's outstanding portrayal of character. Its hero, Barabas the Jew, 初次见面说什么 rved as the model for Shylock in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice. In 1592. Marlowe wrote one of the first successful English historical dramas, Edward Ⅱ。 It is his most dramatically mature play & exhibits his mastery of characterization, stage craft & rhetoric.
Tamburlaine is a play about an ambitious & pitiless Tartar conqueror in the fourteenth century who ro from a shepherd to an overpowering King. By depicting a great hero with high ambition & sheer brutal force in conquering one enemy after another, Marlowe voiced the supreme desire of the man of the Renaiss
ance for infinite power & authority. 3. 领会His Achievements & Influence
Achievements: Marlowe's greatest achievement lies in that he perfected the blank ver & made it the principal medium of English drama.
His cond achievement is his creation of the Renaissance hero for English drama.The theme of his works is the prai of the Renaissance spirit.
His influence: A man of wide learning, Marlowe was one of the extra ordinary poets & playwrights of his time. "Marlowe's mighty line," as Ben Jonson called his blank ver, was one of the most important contributions to the art of English literature. 4. 应用Dr. Faustus
The lection of ActⅠfrom Dr. Faustus is mainly about Faustus is showing his great ambition, that is, if he had many souls, he would give them all to the Devil so that he could control the world. In portraying Faustus, a more introspective & philosophical figure than Tamburlaine, Marlowe prais his soaring aspiration for knowledge while warning against the sin of pride since Faustus's downfall was caud by his despair in God & trust in Devil.
