Part Three
Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? The American Society of Newspaper Editors is trying to answer this painful question. The organization is deep into a long lf-analysis known as the journalism credibility project
Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world tho readers really want.
But the sources of distrust go way deeper. Most journalists learn to e the world through a t of standard templates （patterns）into which they plug each day's events. In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwi confusing news.
There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom em alien to many readers. In a recent survey, questionnaires were nt to reporters in five middle-size cities around the country, plus one large metropolitan area. Then residents in the communities were phoned at random and asked the same q
奇迹 英语uestions.
Replies show that compared with other Americans, journalists are more likely to live in upscale neighborhoods, have maids, own Mercedes, and trade stocks, and they're less likely to go to church, do volunteer work, or put down roots in a community.
Reporters tend to be part of a broadly defined social and cultural elite, so their work tends to reflect the conventional values of this elite. The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but in the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
This is an explosive situation for any industry, particularly a declining one. Here is a troubled business that keeps hiring employees who attitudes vastly annoy the customers. Then it sponsors lots of symposiums and a credibility project dedicated to wondering why customers are annoyed and fleeing in large numbers. But it never ems to get around to noticing the cultural and class bias that so many former buyers are complaining about. If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focud narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
9．What is the passage mainly about?
［A］needs of the readers all over the world
［B］caus of the public disappointment about newspapers
［C］origins of the declining newspaper industry
［D］aims of a journalism credibility project
10．The results of the journalism credibility project turned out to be .
［A］quite trustworthy ［B］somewhat contradictory
［C］very illuminating［D］rather superficial
11．The basic problem of journalists as pointed out by the writer lies in their _________.
［A］working attitude［B］conventional lifestyle
［C］world outlook［D］educational background
12．Despite its efforts, he newspaper industry still cannot satisfy the readers owing to its _______.
［A］failure to realize its real problem ［B］tendency to hire annoying reporters
［C］likeliness to do inaccurate reporting ［D］prejudice in matters of race and gender
枫杨外国语Part 8 （2001） Part 3
重点词汇：
1.journalism （新闻；新闻业）即journal+ism，journal（期刊；⽇志），-ism后缀。journalism — that with which you may fill
the space between advertiments 新闻——⽤以填充⼴告与⼴告之间的空隙的东西。
ability←a+（i）bility）。credibility gap — what happens to the same news between the morning telecast and the evening paper 信⽤差距——早间电视新闻与晚报之间同⼀条新闻发⽣的情况。
3.head-scratching即head+scratch+ing，head头，scratch抓，-ing形容词后缀，“急得直抓头”→为难的。
板”（template）。
7.backbone ?（主⼲）←back+bone。
8.survey? （v.n.俯瞰；调查）即sur+vey，sur-前缀=super，vey词根“看”，故“从上⾯看”→俯瞰→引申为“调查”。An informal survey shows that what most people wanted for Christmas was two more weeks to prepare for it.⼀项⾮正式调查显⽰，⼤多数⼈圣诞节想要的东西是再给两个星期准备过节。
9.questionnaire （调查表）←question+naire名词后缀表“物”。
11.upscale（⾼消费阶层的；质优价⾼的）←up向上+scale等级。
女神的英文12.volunteer（志愿的；志愿者v.志愿）←volunt意愿+eer；voluntary（⾃愿的）←volunt+ary形容词后缀。Maintain outside interests — volunteer in not-for-profits and stay physically fit.保持业余爱好——⾃愿做⽆利可图的事情⽽保持⾝体健康。
13.sponsor （v.发起；赞助n.主办者）←spons（e）词根+or后缀；
14.symposium （专题讨论会；专题论⽂集）即sym+pos+ium，sym-前缀“共同”，pos词根“放”，-ium后缀表“地⽅”，“把共同的问题放在⼀起讨论”→专题讨论会，“把共同讨论好的问题放在⼀起”→专题论⽂集。
15.bias（v.n.偏见）谐⾳“⽩饿死”，古⼈有⾻⽓者不吃嗟来之⾷⽽饿死，后来某些⼈对此不以为然，认为这是古⼈的“偏见”，所以是“⽩饿死”（bias）←⽩⽩饿死。
19.superficial （表⾯的；肤浅的）即super+fici+al，super-前缀“上⾯的”，fici看作face“表⾯”，-al形容词后缀，“表⾯上的”→肤浅的。To know things well, we must know them in detail; but as that is almost endless, our knowledge is always superficial and imperfect.为了充分认识事物，我们必须详细了解它们，然⽽那⼏乎是没有穷尽的，所以我们的知识总是肤浅和不完善的。
20.be known as 称为；
21.alien to 为……所不熟悉；
22.put down roots in 定居；
申请英国留学的条件>日本艺术院校< around to 抽时间做。
难句解析：
① Sad to say, this project has turned out to be mostly low-level findings about factual errors and spelling and grammar mistakes, combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world tho readers really want.
advertiment是什么意思
本句主语是this project，谓语是has turned out to be，findings为宾语，mostly low-level是宾语的定语修饰成分，about factual
errors and spelling and grammar mistakes是宾语的补语成分。combined with lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world tho readers really want是过去分词引导的伴随状语，其中about what in the world tho readers really want是puzzlement的补语。
要正确理解本句，⼀定要注意lots of head-scratching puzzlement about what in the world tho readers really want这⼀部分并不包含在findings⾥⾯，⽽应该是与findings属于同⼀层次上的东西，换⾔之，可以把turned out to be后⾯的表语看成是由两个并列的意思构成的。
厦大考试中心②In other words, there is a conventional story line in the newsroom culture that provides a backbone leaveout
and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwi confusing news.
本句的主⼲是there is a conventional ，后⾯的that provides a backbone and a ready-made narrative structure for otherwi confusing news是定语从句修饰conventional story line。
本句的理解重点在单词的意思：a story line⼀种写新闻报道的故事主线；newsroom culture报社⽂化；backbone本义为“脊柱”，此处是“主⼲”；otherwi否则。
③There exists a social and cultural disconnect between journalists and their readers, which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom em alien to many readers.
此句的结构和上句⾮常类似，主句也是⼀个there加系动词的⽤法。⽽表语后都有⼀个定语从句。本句的定语从句是which helps explain why the "standard templates" of the newsroom em alien to many readers。
alien本义为“异国的”，此处是“相差甚远，背道⽽驰”。如果考⽣不了解standard templates的意思，可以从上下⽂中找与其有相同作⽤和功能的词组，如上句中的a story line和backbone，那么就应该知道它们指的都是记者们在写新闻和评论时固定的套路和思维。
④The astonishing distrust of the news media isn't rooted in inaccuracy or poor reportorial skills but i
n the daily clash of world views between reporters and their readers.
本句的主⼲是⼀个 but结构。注意这个结构引导的是两个⽅式状语。其核⼼词分别是inaccuracy和the daily clash。
to be 根源在于……；另外注意 but结构中，but后⾯的部分总是阅读的重点。
⑤If it did, it would open up its diversity program, now focud narrowly on race and gender, and look for reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.
it代表上⽂提到的a troubled business，即“问题重重的新闻界”。now focud narrowly on race and gender是插⼊语，也是修饰program的定语。本句在would后⾯有两个并列宾语open up和look for。
此句中含有⼀个虚拟语⽓：If it did, it would 。另外注意前两个逗号之间是对diversity program（多样化项⽬）的修饰成分。
试题解析：
ma是什么意思9. 【正确答案】 [B]
意为：造成公众对报纸失望的原因。⽂章的第⼀句开门见⼭地提出了本⽂旨在说明的问题：为什么那么多的美国⼈不相信⾃⼰在报纸上读到的内容呢？第⼆段驳斥了⼀种解释。第三段指出⼈们怀疑⼼理的产⽣有更深刻的原因。第三段以后具体分析了这个原因：记者和报纸的⼤多数读者⽣活在两个世界⾥，具有不同的社会价值观。这造成了⼆者的分歧和冲突。
C意为：造成报业衰败的根源。该选择项不如选择项A表达的内容确切，注意选择项A中的disappointment对应于原⽂的distrust（见第⼀段第⼀句和第三段第⼀句）。D意为：⼀个新闻界信誉项⽬的⽬的。作者仅在第⼆段提到了这个项⽬的内容和发现，并驳斥了这些发现。
10. 【正确答案】 [D]倔强的意思
意为：相当表⾯。在第⼆段作者指出，遗憾的是，该项⽬最终所发现的原因⼤都是诸如报道失实、⽂章中有拼写和语法错误，以及对读者究竞想读什么的许多莫名其妙的困惑，在作者看来，这些发现⼤都是低级的（low-level），⽽真正的原因没有这么表⾯（go way deeper，见第三段第⼀句）。
C意为：很有启发。
11. 【正确答案】[C]
意为：世界观。在第三段作者指出，多数记者通过⼀套标准的范式来看世界，将每天报道的消息嵌⼊
这些范式，换⾔之，在新闻界存在着⼀个写报道的传统路数，这⼀路数提供了⼀个框框和⼀种现成的叙事结构，将纷杂的事件顺理成章。第四段⼜指
出，由于在记者和读者之间存在着⼀个社会和⽂化上的分歧，这就解释了为什么新闻报道的“标准范式”似乎不为许多读者所接受。第四、五段提到了⼀项调查，在解释这项调查结果的第六段作者指出，从⼴义的⾓度讲，记者似乎居于社会和⽂化名流的⼀分⼦，所以他们的⼯作倾向反映这部分⼈的传统价值现，因此，公众对新闻媒体的不信任，与其说根源于报道失实或报道技能的⽋缺，不如说根源于记者和读者之间世界观的⽇常冲突。
可见，A、B、D是不确切的。
12. 【正确答案】[A]
最后⼀段指出，这（指上⼀段提到的世界观的冲突）对任何产业——特别是⼀个衰落的产业——来说都是⼀种危险的状况，报业⽬前就是处于这样⼀种⿇烦的局⾯，但是，他们还在雇⽤那些⾃⾝态度与读者⼤⼤相悖的雇员（当指记者）。尔后⼜举办许多研讨会，搞什么信誊项⽬，企图了解顾客（当指读者）为什么对他们不满意，他们为什么⼤量失去读者。但是，对于那么多原来的顾客所不满的⽂化和阶级偏见，他们似乎就是视⽽不见，置若罔闻。如果他们看到了这⼀⽅⾯的问题，他们就会深化⾃⼰的多样化项⽬（diversity program本来指公司雇⽤不同种族、性别等的雇员以满⾜不同群体的顾
客的需要的做法），⽽不是像现在这样将这⼀项⽬狭隘地局限于种族和性别：他们就会去雇⽤在世界观、价值观、教育背景、社会阶层上迥异的记者。
可见，在这段中，作者对报界进⾏了批评，认为他们还没有找到问题的根源，⽆法对症下药解决问题。另请参阅对以上三题的题解。
全⽂翻译：
为什么那么多美国⼈不相信⾃⼰在报纸上看到的东西？美国新闻编辑协会正试图回答这个痛苦的问题。该组织正深深陷⼊⼀个长期的⾃我剖析过程，即新闻可信度调查项⽬。
遗憾的是，这次新闻机构可信度调查计划结果只获得了⼀些肤浅的发现，诸如新闻报道中的事实错误，拼写或语法错误，和这些低层次发现交织在⼀起的还有许多令⼈挠头的困惑，譬如读者到底想读些什么。
但这种对媒体的不信任有更深刻的根源。多数新闻记者都学着⽤⼀套标准的模式去看待世界，并把每天发⽣的事件纳⼊这种模式。换⾔之，在媒介机构的新闻采编室⽂化中存在着⼀套约定俗成的写作模式，为纷繁复杂的新闻报道提供了⼀个主⼲框架和⼀个现成的故事叙述结构。
新闻记者和读者之间存在着社会和⽂化⽅⾯的脱节，这就是为什么新闻编辑室的“标准模式”与众多读
者的意趣相差甚远的原因。在最近⼀次调查中，问卷被送到了全国五座中等城市及⼀座⼤都市的记者⼿中，然后随机地给这些城市的居民打电话，问他们同样的问题。
结果表明，与其他美国⼈相⽐，新闻记者更有可能居住在富⼈区，有⼥佣，有奔驰车，炒股，⽽他们去教堂，参加⽀援服务，扎根社区的可能性却很⼩。
记者们往往属于⼴义的社会⽂化精英的⼀个部分，因此他们的⼯作往往反映了这些精英传统的价值观。读者对新闻媒介令⼈震惊的不信任的根源并⾮是报道失实或低下的报道技巧，⽽是记者与读者的世界观每天都发⽣着碰撞。
这对任何⼀个⼯业产业来说都算是爆炸性的形势，对于⼀个正在衰落的⾏业来说尤其如此。这是⼀个棘⼿的⾏业，却不断地雇⽤观点总体上使客户恼怒的雇员。然后它⼜出资组织研讨会和可信度调查项⽬，去探究为什么顾客们恼⽕了，为什么会有那么多⼈逃避新闻。但它似乎从来就没回过头来去注意那么多以前的顾客所抱怨的⽂化和阶级偏见。如果它能注意这个问题的话，它就应该进⼀步开放其多样化项⽬（这个项⽬现在还只单纯考虑招收不同种族和性别的员⼯），进⼀步寻找那些世界观、价值观、教育⽔平和社会阶层各不相同的各种记者。
