Lesson 39 Nothing to worry about 不必担心
New words and expression 生词和短语
Rough a崎岖不平的=no smooth
1)not smooth 粗糙的，崎岖的
rough skin rough road We’d better not take the rough road.
2)not exact 大致的
inch是什么单位a rough idea 一个大致的想法 a rough drawing 一个草图at a rough guess 我猜，大概是
eg. At a rough guess, he was about forty-five.
3) not gentle 野蛮，激烈，粗鲁的
a rough game a rough man Be rough on sb对某人苛刻、无礼Don’t be rough on your friends.
4) unfair or unlucky 倒霉的
it's rough on sb
boulder ['bəʊldə] n.大石块（a large stone or piece of rock）（卵石，大圆石（圆形巨石）；巨砾）
i know him so wellpebble ['peb(ə)l] n.小卵石，小石子(a small smooth stone found on the beach or on the bottom of river)
eg. You are not the only pebble on the beach!
（ud to say that you are not the only person who has to be considered or derves attention）
eg. You are not the only fish in the a.
cobble ['kɒb(ə)l] n. for paving the road 大石子（大卵石，中砾）
rubble ['rʌb(ə)l] n.碎石，瓦砾（毁坏后的房屋，或者是铺设在地面最下一层的碎石）
pit [pɪt] n.坑，地上的洞（1、矿井，矿洞2、(挖出沙砾或黏土后留下的) 大坑3、vt使留疤痕4、vi 凹陷）
eg. A fall in the pit, a gain in your wit 吃一堑，长一智。
in the pit of your stomach/at the pit of your stomach 心窝，胸口
a knot of fear in the pit of my stomach 心里总觉得害怕
be pitted with 坑坑洼洼的布满，挖坑
eg. The road was pitted after the rain.
eg. The moon's surface is pitted with many craters. 月球的表面有许多火山形成的坑洞。
eg. Her eyes were pitted with joy.
be littered with 杂乱的堆满
eg. The road is littered with stones and pitted with holes.
pittance n.微薄的薪俸或津贴
eg. The chicken-food she was given for cleaning that home so beautifully was nothing but a pittance.
nothing but 只是，上节课讲到的。她给人家清扫房屋挣到的那点钱连塞牙缝的都不够。
crater ['kreɪtə] n.（火山的）喷火口；弹坑
scoop [sku:p] n.凹穴，坑（本意1、vt 用勺子舀2、勺形物（特殊的勺子，比如冰淇淋，奶粉，咖啡）3、独家新闻（勺子舀出来的，挖掘出来的））
Perturb [pə'tɜ:b] v. 使不安=very upt （vt. 扰乱；使…混乱；使…心绪不宁）
莱卡我型我showBe perturbed about sth
His threats didn’t p erturb her in the least.
Disturb 并非用心去扰乱，语气弱得多
It is disturbing to think that a wild animal is still at large in the quite countryside.
Plague [pleɪg] 病痛或类似事情的折磨而使人苦恼（本意是瘟疫、鼠疫、天灾，引申出动词“使困扰”）
The terrible dia plagued him. be plagued by
Trouble 搅扰别人的安宁，舒适等Sorry to give you trouble./sorry to trouble you.
Worry 表达不安的心情到了忧虑的程度He is worried about his son’s safety.
Upt 内心忐忑不安I feel upt now becau I am afraid I hurt you.
Dismay 使沮丧
underestimate v.低估了
underestimate sb underestimate difficulty underestimate the importance of training
overestimate v.高估了
under-
under-develop 没有开发under-develop area
undercooked 没炒熟的underll 廉价售出
Scoop [sku:p] v.（用勺子）挖出，铲出
She scooped out some suger.
Make a scoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻
That guy made a scoop.
swerve[swɜ:v] v. （vi. 转弯；突然转向；背离vt. 使转弯；使突然转向；使背离n. 转向；偏离的程度）1）to make a sudden sideways movement in order to avoid hitting sth vi急转弯（以躲避…）
eg. The car swerved across the road and crashed into a wall.车子急忙躲闪横着撞到了墙上。
turn just in time 及时地躲开了
veer ：[vɪə] to change direction suddenly （1、vi突然转向2、vi改变立场）
2) to change from an idea, cour of action （vt 使转向，使背离）
eg. Nothing could swerve him from his aims.什么都动摇不了他的志向。
scoop[sku:p] v. 挖出(（用勺子）挖出，铲出)
1) scoop up 舀起，铲起
eg. The children scooped up the snow with their hands to build a snow man.
eg. He cupped his hands and scooped up a little water.他捧起手舀了一些水。
2) 迅速收拾起，抱
eg. The mother scooped the baby up in her arms and ran from the flames.新的开始 英文
scoop out舀起，铲起，挖出scoop out some sugar scoop out a tunnel开凿隧道
n.瓢，大勺，铲子
a scoop of ice cream 一勺冰淇淋
n.独家新闻
eg. The journalist was sure that he had a scoop for his paper. eg. What's the scoop? 有什么新闻（消息）吗?
at one scoop 一下子eg. He win £50 at one scoop
get a scoop 捞了一大笔钱
eg. He got a scoop in stocks and shares. 他在炒股过程中捞了一大笔钱。
Make a scoop走运，赚大钱，抢先得到新闻That guy made a scoop.
hammer ['hæmə] v 用锤子击打、捶打
under the hammer 被拍卖；在拍卖
hammer out 设计出；锤成；苦心想出
hammer on （对准位置）钉牢；敲紧
hammer at 敲打；致力于
hammer into 钉入；敲进；向…硬灌
steam hammer n. [机]汽锤
Ominously['ɑmənəsli] adv有预兆地（恶兆地；不吉利地）
Ominous ['ɒmɪnəs] adj 不祥的，不吉利的
Look at tho ominous black clouds.
javeauspicious [ɔ:'spɪʃəs] adj.吉祥的，顺利的
Omen ['əʊmən] n./vt预示着；预兆，征兆This is a good/bad omen The clouds omen rain.
什么的征兆the omen of 用的是of== the sign of
prelude ['prelju:d] n. 序幕，前奏
prelude与介词to搭配表示“……的前奏”key/ way/ answer的所有格用to a prelude to rious trouble
Rip [rɪp] v. 划破，撕，扯（（猛地，用力地））（用力地撕开=forcefully Tear）（n 裂口）
Rip the letter open Rip one’s mask away.Let things rip:=let things be
Rip into攻击Rip off 偷窃（宰客; 宰人; 裂开; 偷窃）rip up 撕碎; 撕毁; 斯毁
“撕裂、扯破”的意思，其区别是：
rip 侧重指用力把布料等物撕开，也可指用粗暴手段把某物撕裂。
tear 最普通用词，指有意或无意地把布或纸等没接缝的材料撕开。可作引申用。(tore, torn)
split 非正式用词，指有力的切断、劈开或撕裂的动作。
petrol ['petr(ə)l] Br汽油
gasoline (gas) ['gæsəli:n] Am 汽油
petroleum [pə'trəʊlɪəm] 石油（oil普通用词）
crude oil 原油petrol bomb 汽油弹petrol station加油站
OPEC: the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries [‘ekspɔ:t；ɪk’-] 反义词import
Sinopec 中石化SINO即中国，希腊语中表示中国的称谓，词头是Sino-表示中国的，例如中欧关系得说Sino-Euro，不能说China-Euro。
PEC即Petroleum & Chemical Corporation。PE就是石油的缩写。C是化学品的缩写
PetroChina 中石油
Stretch n.一大片（量词）（作为名词时第二个意思：连续）（v.伸展，延伸，绵延）笔帽
A stretch of land A stretch of water
At a stretch连续地，不停顿地
We worked for hours at a stretch. We drove fast on a stretch of open field.
四大发明 翻译
He is unable to work for long stretches.他不能连续地工作。 A stretch of hills
也可作动词，（vt&vi .伸展，延伸，绵延）
stretch out 伸出；到了极限
He stretched out his hand to get the apple.
There are forests stretching for hundreds of miles. （绵延）
Transport was rather stretched in the Spring Festival. （伸展到极限）
Obstacle ['ɒbstək(ə)l] n.障碍Obstacle to 对象用介词to引出
Key/answer/shred/advantage/disadvantage/admission/damage + to 一起使用
1)an object which blocks your way (挡住去路的)障碍（物）obstacle race 障碍赛跑
2) sth that makes it difficult for you to achieve your aim 阻碍（多用于抽象含义）
eg. Fear of change is the greatest obstacle to progress. Lack of education is an obstacle to success.
Constitute an obstacle to 构成……障碍
Remove/overcome an obstacle克服障碍
put obstacles in the way (of)/ Put obstacle in sb’s way妨碍某人的发展
eg. His inability to speak English put a big obstacle in the way of his career. 语对其事业发展设置了障碍。obstruction [əb'strʌkʃ(ə)n] n.妨碍，阻挠（the act of trying to prevent a political process or the act of blocking a road）
obstruction of vital legislation 阻挠通过死刑立法obstruction of traffic
Hindrance ['hɪndr(ə)ns] 阻碍事物发展的人或物，重点在妨碍事物的发展
You are more of hindrance than help.
Obstacle 阻于途中的物体，也指受阻碍的状况
barrier ['bærɪə] n. （困难，问题等）妨碍（a problem or rule that prevents people from doing sth）
a psychological barrier 心理障碍language barrier
n. 栅栏，关卡（设的卡子），检票口（警察封路）
put a barrier across the road 在路上设一个关卡
clump [klʌmp] n. 丛，簇
a clump of trees 树丛 a clump of bushes 灌木丛 a clump of grass 草丛
cluster ['klʌstə] n.串，挂，群
a cluster of grapes 一串葡萄 a cluster of farm hous 一排农舍 c cluster of bees 一群蜜蜂bunch [bʌn(t)ʃ] 一串，一束（群；串；突出物）
a bunch of flowers a bunch of keys a bunch of grapes
fissure ['fɪʃə]（岩石或地面的）深的裂缝（n. 裂缝，（尤指岩石上的）裂沟；分歧v. （使）裂开，分裂）词根是fission 分裂，裂变fusion聚变
形容词fissionable 可分裂的
cellular fission 细胞分裂['ljʊlə] 细胞的nuclear fission 核分裂
启德出国留学
crack [kræk] n.细小裂痕，龟裂（1、vt&vi使…破裂; 破裂2vt&vi使…噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）
eg. There are veral cracks in the va.
gap [gæp] n. a space between two things （裂缝，间隙，差距）
the generation gap 代沟bridge the gap 沟通
bridge the gap between tradition and modernity 将传统溶于现代[mə'dɜ:nɪtɪ]
renew v. 重复
续订，更新(vt. 使更新；续借；续费；复兴；重申vi. 更新；重新开始)
renew a subscription 续订刊物renew a driving licen更新驾照
renew an attack 再次展开进攻renew strength 体力
renew pleadings 再三要求renew a friendship 再续友情
renewable adj. 可再生的；可更新的；可继续的n. 再生性能源
recoverable adj. 可收回的；可恢复的；可补偿的space ship space shuttle
recyclable [ri:'saɪkləbl] adj. 可回收利用的；可再循环的recycle v. 回收利用；使再循环；重新使用
pleading ['plidɪŋ] n 恳求（n. 恳求；答辩状adj. 恳求的v. 恳求；辩护；引证；承认（有罪或无罪）；以……为借口（plead 的现在分词））
词根plead [pli:d] （vt. 借口；为...辩护；托称vi. 恳求；辩护）
1、V-I If you plead with someone to do something, you ask them in an inten, emotional way to do it. 恳求
2、V-I When someone charged with a crime pleads guilty or not guilty in a court of law, they officially state that they are guilty or not guilty of the crime. 表示服罪/不服罪
3、V-T If you plead the ca or cau of someone or something, you speak out in their support or defence. 为…辩护He appeared before the committee to plead his ca
4、V-T If you plead a particular thing as the reason for doing or not doing something, you give it as your excu. 以…为借口Mr. Giles pleads ignorance as his excu.
gear n. 汽车排挡
1)档（位）
go in low gear shift gear
2) 一套用具（a t of things that you wear for a particular activity）最常见的是背的“行军包”
手动挡汽车换挡rain gear 雨具protective gear 保护装置
astride [ə'straɪd] /prep.骑、跨（with one leg on each side of sth）
（prep. 跨（或骑）在……上；（跨越）在……上；在（河、路等的）两边adv.（人的两腿）分开地；跨着；骑着）If you sit or stand astride something, you sit or stand with one leg on each side of it. 跨着(某物) 地stride [straɪd] v.跨，跨骑（vt. 跨过；大踏步走过；跨坐在…）
stride a hor 骑马==ride astride the hor 跨骑在马背上
crack [kræk] 缝隙
n.细小裂痕，龟裂（1、vt&vi使…破裂; 破裂2vt&vi使…噼啪作响; 发出辟裂声3、裂缝；裂纹，缝隙4、爆裂声，破裂声）
eg. There are veral cracks in the va.
zigzag ['zɪgzæg] n “之”字形
（n. 之字形，锯齿形线条；急转弯v. 曲折前进，作之字形行进
adj. 曲折的，之字形的adv. 曲折地，之字形地）
shallow ['ʃæləʊ] 浅的（adj.浅的；肤浅的n. [地理] 浅滩vt. 使变浅vi. 变浅）
superficial [,su:pə'fɪʃ(ə)l; ,sju:-] adj. 表面的；肤浅的；表面文章的；外表的；（人）浅薄的
superficial 通常指人的思想、言论、学识、著作等权停留于表面，缺乏必要的深度和全面性。
shallow 指知识、议论、认识或立论肤浅，有时暗示图表面而无实际内容。
grind [graɪnd] v.摩擦v./n. (ground, ground)
英文摇滚歌曲
1、vt磨，常用grind up表示把什么磨碎，或是把…磨光，把…磨锋利
2、vt 碾压Grind wheat into flour
3、vi (机器因年久或过度使用而发出的) 刺耳的磨擦声
4、vi (机动车) 嘎嘎作响地缓慢移动
Grind sth to pieces
grind to a halt/grind to a stop（1、(机动车) 轰隆隆地慢慢停下2、(经济或进程等) 渐渐地停止）
come to a grinding halt 突然停下来，咯吱一声停下来
grind your teeth 磨牙Grind one’s teeth in anger
n. 1、磨2、苦差事
eg. Waiting tables can be a red grind. 端盘子伺候人可是个苦差事。
