Material for Classroom Reading: The Attributive and Adverbial Claus and Translation
Today we will take the attributive and adverbial claus to try to understand them and then to put them into Chine.
Understanding the Attributive Claus:
The attributive claus are sth that characterizes the style of long English ntences. The attributive claus may be divided, in terms of the form, into two kinds, the restrictive claus and non-restrictive claus. The functions of the attributive claus vary from modifying or defining the antecedent, providing a further explanation to it, to adding to the main claus a cau, result, condition concession and etc.
A. Restrictive and non-restrictive claus
1. The boys who wanted to play the football were disappointed, becau it began to rain when they were about to leave the classroom.
The restrictive clau indicates that there were boys meetingwho did not plan to go to the sports-ground.
Cf: The boys, who…
2. I will now introduce the candidate in support of whom I wish to speakscrum.
3. A nation will take as its mode of existence cheating and flattering, killing and enslaving during the time when it is in a state of backwardness.
B. Claus that offer a contrast to the main clau
cau
result
concession
condition
4. The name of Figs, which had been a byword of reproach, became as respectable and popular a nick-name as any other in u in the school.
romantic love5. She begged the old gentleman to give the money to dear Rebecca, who must want it, while she herlf lacked for nothing.
6. So she wily determined to render her position with the family comfortable and cure, and to this end resolved to make friends with anyone around her who would at all interfere with her comfort.
7. Happy is the man who marries her.
8. My assistant, who had carefully read through the instructions before doing his experiment, could not obtain satisfactory results.emc是什么意思
9. He wishes to write an article that will attract public attention to the matter. (purpo)
Translation of Attributive Claus
a) Repetition of the antecedent
1. He made the sound of sympathy which comes so readily from tho who have an independent income.
2. He will show her the place where they could make her look a proper dame—for next to nothing.
b) Combination
3. We in Britain have a social and political system which differs in many respects from yours.
4. They are aware that they are participating in a movement which is shaking the world and which brings together in its ranks all peoples aspiring to freedom and justice.
5. It was a hope that reflected the conviction expresd some years earlier by the then British Prime Minister, Mr Asquit.
deal with
Understanding Adverbial Claus
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until you The adverbial claus comprehend claus indicating time, cau, condition, concession purpo and result. Translating the adverbial claus into Chine is often no easy job, becau it is difficult to understand the meanings conveyed by the adverbial claus.
A. Claus introduced by ‘while’ and ‘when’
1. While in Japan, he made friends with many people there.
2. There has been a negative growth of population in some European countries since World War II, while population in many third world countries has doubled.
3. While I admit that the problems are difficult, I don’t agree they can’t be solved. (ud to imply a concession)
4. He walks when he might take a taxi. (concession)
5. Why was he late when he knew the meeting began at 8 sharp? (concession)
6. When a reprentative exceeds his allotted time the President shall call him to order without delay. (time)
B. Claus introduced by ‘if’
入侵者战机 Generally, ‘if’ claus introduce a condition for a thing to occur or take place, but sometimes they can mean differently.
7. The peace of the Middle East is menaced every day if the occupied Arab territories are not restored. (condition)
Sometimes ‘if’ may be regarded as introducing the adverbial of result, especially when the main clau obviously contains something indicating a cau or purpo.
8. If I have gone beyond a guarded speech to be so explicit, it is in order to put an end o
lagerfeldnce and for all to the misunderstandings which we have known in the past.
