语法知识要点提示
一、词性常识
1名词主要作主语、宾语、表语，有时也作定语；使用名词时必须考虑：可数、不可数、单复数、谓语的数以及名词的搭配；可数名词须有数的标志，ten of 所有格/限定词+名词。
| risa 规则 | 例词 |
1 | 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 | man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goo-gee, mou-mice |
2 | 单复数相同 | sheep, deer, ries, means, works(工厂), fish, species,crossroads, aircraft li, yuan, jin |
3 | 只有复数形式 | ashes, trours, clothes, thanks, goods, glass, compass, contents |
4 | 一些集体名词总是用作复数 | people, police, cattle, staff |
5 shuku | 部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员） | audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party |
6 | 复数形式表示特别含义 | customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟) |
7 | 表示“某国人” | 加-s | Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans |
单复数同形 | Swiss, Portugue, Chine, Japane |
以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women | Englishmen, Frenchwomen |
8 | 合成名词 | 将主体名词变为复数 | sons-in-law, lookers-on, pasrs-by, story-tellers, boy friends |
无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数 | grown-ups, houwives, stopwatchesproductions |
将两部分变为复数 | women singers, men rvants |
| | | |
总是不可数：work (工作) news information advice progress weather equipment fun courage harm milk
抽象名词(U),具体指某人或某事时(C)pleasure joy surpri honor kindness success failure difficulty trouble war milk worry pity
惯用复数thanks apologies regards wishes congratulations pains(功夫) respects(敬意;问候)
by the hour, by the dozen, by the day, by the yard, 表示计量。
2、形容词主要修饰名词，说明名词的状态、特征，可作定语、表语、宾补，偶尔作状语，但仍然修饰名词或代词。
作定语的词序： 限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老；颜色国籍跟材料，作用类别往后靠 具体为①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词深圳新东方英语学校+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词
作定语的位置
A) well(健康),ill(生病) worth, sorry, sure, glad, fond, afraid, alone, asleep, alive, awake, ashamed, gone, unlikely, aware, due, content, unable等形容词一般不作前置定语
B) 含义随其位置的不同而发生变化
the members prent （在座的） the prent member （现在的）
the people concerned （有关联的）a concerned expression （忧愁的）
the people involved （被牵涉的） an involved expression （复杂的）
an abnt look (茫然的) the people abnt (缺席的)
in due cour (在适当时机) the meeting due to begin(约定)
C) 常作前置定语的形容词
the only reason（唯一的理由）； a lone man(孤独的人)
a certain winner （某一个胜利者）；the exact translation（确切的翻译）；
her very son （她亲生的儿子）； entire ignorance（完全的无知）；
a complete fool （十足的傻瓜）； total nonn（完全是胡说八道）；
a real honor（真正的英雄）； live broadcast (实况转播)
woolen cloth（呢料） a wooden hou（木屋）
golden hair金黄色的头发， “a golden saying”（金玉良言）
golden memories 美好的回忆 a wooden smile毫无表情的微笑
a medical school
D) 定语后置的情况：
（1） 中心词是复合不定代词时
Tell me something interesting. 告诉我一些有趣的事。
Is there anything special? 有什么特别的东西吗？
(2) 定语是形容词短语时
He is the man suitable for the job. 他是适合作这项工作的人。
It's a problem difficult to solve. 这是一个难以解决的问题。jago
现在分词作定语
start的过去式A．现在分词作定语前置时静感强，而后置的现在分词动感强。如：
The working people are the wist.
The farmers working here are very busy.
过去分词作定语，前置表示状态
He is an advanced teacher.他是个先进教师。
做后置定语，表示完成和被动的动作
This is a picture painted by my father.
Goods imported from abroad are not always better than tho made in China
特殊句型
1) He works no harder than I. A与B都不………
2) He does not work harder than I. A不如B
3) There are no more than ven people in the room. 仅仅，只有
4) There are not more than ven people in the room. 不超过，至多
5) Music is more a way of life than an interest. 是knia…而不是;与其…倒不如 6) Mr. Zhang is more than my teacher, he is also my best friend.不仅仅
7) The +比较级…….，the +比较级……..越……, 越……
a) The more books you read, the more knowledge you will get.
bspear)The busier he is, the happier he feels.
blueprint
8) No less than three people offered to buy it 至少
9) He is no less diligent than he was. A与B一样…
10）The work is more or less finished. 基本上，大体上；大约
11）less than successful非常不 wor than uless 极为
3副词主要修饰动词、形容词、副词、介词短语、及整个句子。如：
personally, briefly, fortunately, hopefully, honestly, frankly, happily就常修饰整个句子。
No, allisonany, some，much, still, even, yet, rather, a lot, a great deal, many, a little, a bit, slightly, much, far, somewhat, by far(前后均可),表示数量和倍数的词如twice等常修饰比较级。(quite better属特例)
注意程度状语的位置I couldn't move a step further，
The meeting lasted two hours longer than usual.
He is a head taller than I. (也可说He is taller than me by a head.)
They got there earlier than we by twenty minutes. 表“净”增减数
so/how/as/too可加adj/adv; 加adj+a/an+单数可数名词；
加many/few/much/little+名词
注意搭配quite impossible/perfect/different/agree/understand/right/positively, absolutely impossible
take sth.personally认为某事针对自己而不悦(to be offended by sth)
4介词之后通常接名词、代词、v-ing、wh-词引导的名词性从句。注意下列几点
有时介词+副词：from abroad/above/where，since then，until recently，until very late等。
