Effector Protein Bacteria Biochemical Function Cellular Target Phenotype
SopE/SopE2Salmonella enterica Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF)Rho family GTPas Stimulation of actin reorganization and bacterial entry into
nonphagocytic cells; nuclear respons
SptP (N terminus)/YopE/ ExoS (N terminus)S. enterica/Yersinia
spp./Pudomonas
aeruginosa
GTPa-activating protein (GAP)Rho-family GTPas Recovery of the actin cytoskeleton after bacterial
i nternalization (SptP); disruption of the actin cytoskeleton
(YopE/ExoS)
SipA S. enterica Actin nucleator Actin Stimulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization and
cnh
b acterial entry into nonphagocyti
c cells
SopA S. enterica HECT-like ubiquitin liga Unknown Promotes inflammation
SopB/IpgB S. enterica/
Shigella spp.Phosphoinositide and inositol phosphate
phosphata
P hosphoinositides
and inositol
p hosphates
Stimulation of actin cytoskeleton reorganization
and macropinocytosis; bacterial internalization into
n onphagocytic cells; modulation of vesicular trafficking
SipC S. enterica Actin bundling Actin Modulation of actin cytoskeleton to promote bacterial
延世
internalization into host cells
进球英语SifA S. enterica Recruits SKIP to the Salmonella-containing
vacuole
SKIP and kinesin Modulation of vesicular trafficking
SJ S. enterica Deacyla Unknown Unknown
SL S. enterica Ubiquitin protea Ubiquitin Macrophage killing
SrfH S. enterica Unknown TRIP6Promotes motility of infected cells
tencent travelerSspH1S. enterica Unknown PKN1Inhibition of host inflammatory respon?
YopJ/AvrA/AvrBsT (and other family members)Yersinia spp./
S. enterica
Acetyl transfera/cysteine protea MAPKK and IKK family
members; SUMO?
Disruption of MAP kina and NF-κB signaling (YopJ);
disruption of plant defen respons (AvrBsT)
PipB2S. enterica Recruitment of kinesin Kinesin Phagosome movement along microtubules?
YopT/HopC1 (and other family members)Yersinia spp./
Pudomonas syringae
Protea Rho-family GTPas
(YopT); PBS1 kina
(AvrPphB)
Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton (Y opT); modulates the
jasmonic acid defen respon in plants (AvrPphB)
YopH/SptP (C terminus)Yersinia spp./S. enterica Protein tyrosine phosphata Many Disruption of macrophage functions (YopH); disruption of
MAP kina signaling (SptP)
YpkA Yersinia spp.Ser/Thr protein kina Unknown Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton
Tir Escherichia coli Intimin receptor; membrane recruitment of
signaling and actin-nucleating machinery Nck; other signaling
components?
Actin nucleation at the plasma membrane; bacterial
i ntimate attachment to host cells
EspF/TccP2 E. coli WASP recruitment to plasma membrane/
Abcf2 recruitment to mitochondria WASP; Abcf2; SNX9Promotes actin nucleation at the plasma membrane, intimate
bacterial attachment, and mitochondrial death pathways
IpgB1/IpgB2 (and other family members)E. coli Propod to mimic G protein function but
lack nucleotide-binding or hydrolytic activity
Many Disruption of the actin cytoskeleton
OspF (and other family
members)
E. coli Phosphothreonine lya MAP kinas Disruption of inflammatory respon
Map E. coli Unknown EBP50/NHERF1Promotes diarrhea
OspG Shigella spp.Ser/Thr protein kina Many ubiquitin-
c onjugating enzymes
Disruption of NF-κB signaling
韩剧幽灵剧情VirA Shigella spp.Cysteine protea Tubulin Promotes intracellular movement
IpaA Shigella spp.Mimics vinculin Actin cytoskeleton Promotes bacterial entry in nonphagocytic cells
IpaH/SspH1Shigella spp./S. enterica E3 ubiquitin liga Unknown Disrupts inflammatory respon?
VopF Vibrio cholerae Actin nucleator; homolog of formin/spire Actin cytoskeleton Promotes intestinal colonization
lampardExoS/ExoT (C terminus)P. aeruginosa ADP ribosyl transfera Many Disrupts actin cytoskeleton, tight junctions, and cytokinesis HopAB2/AvrPtoB (v-
eral family members)墨尔本理工大学
P. syringae Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme; E3 liga Pto Ser/Thr kina Inhibition of programmed cell death in plant cells
XopD (veral family
members)
Xanthomonas campestris Cysteine protea SUMO Disruption of plant defen respons
AvrRpt2 (veral family
members)
P. syringae Protea RIN4 kina Disruption of plant defen respons
HopAO1/HopPtoD2
(veral family members)
P. syringae Protein tyrosine phosphata Unknown Suppression of programmed cell death in plant cells HopU1P. syringae ADP ribosyl transfera RNA-binding proteins Disruption of plant defen respons
GALA family of proteins Ralstonia solanacearum F box proteins SKP1 plant homologs Promotes virulence in plants
AvrBs2X. campesteris pv.
vesicatoria Glycerophosphoryl diester phophodies-
tera
Unknown Triggers defen respon in plants
AvrD1P. syringae Syringolide syntha Unknown Triggers defen respon in plants
AvrBS3Xanthomonas spp.Transcription factor Unknown Modulates plant gene expression
Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
See online version for legend, abbreviations, and references. 92Cell 130, July 13, 2007 ©2007 Elvier Inc. DOI 10.ll.2007.06.042
Section of Microbial Pathogenesis, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06536, USA
Listed in this Table are type III cretion effector proteins who function, biochemical activities, and/or putative eukaryotic cell targets have been reported. Type III protein cretion systems are sp
ecialized bacterial organelles that deliver bacterial proteins into eukaryotic cells. This organelle can be found in bacterial species that have evolved a very clo functional interface with their hosts. The bacteria can be symbiotic or pathogenic for a number of organisms including humans, plants, incts, or nematodes. The bacterial proteins delivered into eukaryotic cells, collectively known as “effector proteins,” have the capacity to modulate a large variety of host cell functions including cytoskeleton dynamics, cell cycle, transcription, protein degradation, and vesicular trafficking.
Abreviations
SKIP: SifA and kinesin-interacting protein (Kiaa0842); ubiquitously expresd protein of unknown function
TRIP6: Thyroid receptor-interacting protein 6
PKN1: Protein kina N1; involved in innate immune respons
IKK: IκB kina; involved in innate immune respons by activating NF-κB
PBS1: rine/threonine protein kina required for plant defen respon
Nck: adaptor protein containing SH2 and SH3 domains; involved in signal transduction
WASP: Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; promotes actin nucleation
Abcf2: a member of the ABC-transporter family of proteins of unknown function
SNX9: Sortin nexin 9; involved in endocytosis
EBP50/NHERF1/EBP50: Na+/H+ exchanger regulator factor 1/ezrin-radixin-moesin binding phosphoprotein 50; involved in the regulation of ion transporters and in the trafficking of many transmembrane molecules
Pto: Plant rine/threonine kina that confers resistance to Pudomona syringae pv. tomato
RIN4: RPM1-interacting protein 4
SKP1: S pha kina-associated protein
REFEREnCEs
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braces
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日语能力考试准考证
Zhang, Y., Higashide, W., McCormick, B., Chen, J., and Zhou, D. (2006). Inflammation-associated Salmonella SopA is a HECT-like E3 ubiquitin liga. Mol. Microbiol. 62, 786–793.
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