2017年6月大学英语四级阅读练习
三年级英语上册课本
----Beauty and Body Image in theMedia
nbc news
A. Images of female bodies are everywhere. Women—and their bodyparts--ll everything from food to cars.Popular film and television actressare becoming younger, taller and thinner. Some have even been known tofaint onthe t from lack of food. Women's magazines are full &articles urging thatif they can just lo tholast twentypounds, they'll have it all—the perfect marriage, loving children, great x,and a rewarding career
B. Why arc standards of beauty being impod on women, the majorityofwhom are naturally larger and moremature than any of the models? The roots,some analysts say, are economic. By prenting an ideal difficult toachieve andmaintain, the cosmetic and diet product industries arc assured of growth andprofits. And it's noaccident that youth is increasingly promoted, along withthinness, as an esntial criterion of beauty. If not allwomen need to loweight, for sure they're all aging, says the Quebec Action Network for Women'sHealth inits 2001 report. And, according to the industry, age is a disasterthat need
s to be dealt with.
C. The stakes are huge. On the one hand, women who are incure about their bodies arc more likely tobuybeauty products, new clothes, and diet aids. It is estimated that the dietindustry alone is worth anywherebetween 40 to 100 billion (U.S.. a year lling temporary weight loss (90% to 95% of dieters regainthe lostweight.. On the other hand, rearch indicatesthat exposure to images of thin, young, air-brushed femalebodies is linked todepression, loss of lf-esteem and the development of unhealthy eating habitsin womenand girls.
george zimmermanmistletoe歌词 D. The American rearch group Anorexia Nervosa & Related EatingDisorders, Inc. says that one out of everyfour college-aged women usunhealthy methods of weight control--including fasting, skippingmeals,excessive exerci, laxative (泻药. abu, andlf-induced vomiting. The pressure to be thin is also affectingyoung girls:the Canadian Women's Health Network warns that weight control measures are nowbeing takenby girls as young as 5 and 6. American statistics are similar.Several studies, such a
s one conducted by MarikaTiggemann and Levina Clark in2006 titled "Appearance Culture in 9- to 12-Year-Old Girls: Media andPeerInfluences on Body Dissatisfaction," indicate that nearly half of allpreadolescent girls wish to be thinner, andas a result have engaged in a dietor are aware of the concept of dieting. In 2003, Teen magazine reported that35percent of girls 6 to 12 years old have been on at least one diet, and that 50to 70 percent of normal weightgirls believe they are overweight. Overallrearch indicates that 90% of women are dissatisfied with theirappearance insome way. Media activist Jean Kilbourne concludes that, "Women are sold tothe diet industryby the magazines we read and the television programs we watch,almost all of which make us feel anxiousabout our weight."
2012江西高考数学>曲轴加工 E. Perhaps the most disturbing is the fact that media images of femalebeauty are unattainable for all but a verysmall number of women. Rearchersgenerating a computer model of a woman with Barbie-doll proportions,forexample, found that her back would be too weak to support the weight of herupper body, and her bodywould be too narrow to contain more than halfa liverand a few centimeters of bowel. A real woman built
thatway would suffer fromchronic diarrhea ( 慢性腹泻. and eventually die frommalnutrition. Jill Barad,President of Mattel (which manufactures Barbie., estimated that 99% of girls aged 3 to 10 years old own atleast oneBarbie doll. Still, the number of real life women and girls who ek asimilarly underweight body ipidemic, and they can suffer equally devastatinghealth conquences. In 2006 it was estimated that up to450,000 Canadian womenwere affected by an eating disorder.
ncf F. Rearchers report thatwomen's magazines have ten and one-half times more ads and articlespromotingweight loss than men's magazines do, and over three-quarters of thecovers of women's magazines include atleast one message about how to change awoman's bodily appearance--by diet, exerci or cosmetic surgery.Television andmovies reinforce the importance of a thin body as a measure of a woman's worth.Canadianrearcher Gregory Fouts reports that over three-quarters of the femalecharacters in TV situation comedies areunderweight, and only one in twenty areabove average in size. Heavier actress tend to receive negativecomments frommale characters about their bodies ("How about wearing a sack?" ., and 80 percent o
f thenegative comments are followed by cannedaudience laughter.
baboos>课程顾问英语 G. There have been efforts in the magazine industry to buck (抵制，反抗. the trend. For veral years the Quebecmagazine Coup de Pouce hasconsistently included full-sized women in their fashion pages and Chatelainehaspledged not to touch up photos and not to include models less than 25 yearsof age. In Madrid, one of theworld's biggest fashion capitals, ultra-thinmodels were banned from the runway in 2006. Furthermore Spainhas recentlyundergone a project with the aim to standardize clothing sizes through using aunique process inwhich a lar beam is ud to measure real life women's bodiesin order to find the most tree to lifemeasurement.
H. Another issue is the reprentation of ethnically diver women inthe media. A 2008 study conducted byJuanita Covert and Travis Dixon titled"A Changing View: Reprentation and Effects of the Portrayal ofWomen ofColor in Mainstream Women's Magazines" found that although there was anincrea in thereprentation of women of c01our, overall white women wereoverreprented in mainstream women'smagazines from 1999 to 2004.
I. The barrage of messagesabout thinness, dieting and beauty tells "ordinary" women that theyare always inneed of adjustment--and that the female body is an object to beperfected. Jean Kilboume argues that theoverwhelming prence of media imagesof painfully thin women means that real women's bodies have become invisible in the mass media。 The real tragedy, Kilbourne concludes, is that many womeninternalizethe stereotypes, and judge themlves by the beauty industry'sstandards. Women learn to comparethemlves to other women, and to compete withthem for male attention: This focus on beauty and desirability"effectivelydestroys any awareness and action that might help to change that climate."
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