gar⼤学英语跨⽂化交际案例分析
⼤学英语跨⽂化交际案例分析
Ca 2 (P8)
White Dress⼥王的⽩⾊长裙:Ca analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they e the western bride in white gown. The ca reflects the similes and metaphors in the text.案例分析：印度⼥⼈可能觉得婚礼是⼀个葬礼，如果他们看到西⽅的新娘的⽩⾊礼服。这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在⽂本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.⽂化是像冰⼭：我们可以辨认颜⾊⾐服的妇⼥所穿不同的⽂化，但我们不知道下⾯的值。⽂化是像⽔鱼游在:⼈们穿不同颜⾊的⾐服为不同的上下⽂，但他们通常是理所当然的，从不问为什么。
Ca 4 (P18)程度英语
Coconut-skating椰⼦-溜冰:Ca analysis: The ca reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell fr
om the ca that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析：这个事件反映了⽂化的特点。我们可以告诉从案件,⽂化是普遍的，这是学习。People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.⼈们可能发明东西甚⾄不同的⽅式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。菲律宾⼥⼈必须学习这种⽅式从她⾃⼰的⽂化的拖地。
Ca 7 (P30)fitu
Clean up the Bathroom!清理浴室!:Ca analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways.案例分析:⽂化差异决定这两个学⽣要沟通的⽅式不同。
The Chine student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is ud to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chine culture, people want to save face of both themlves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourlf clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.中国学⽣想要美国学⽣理解底层的⼿段，他的话，但是美国学⽣⽤来直接的交流⽅式。这是由⽂化决定的。在中国⽂化中,⼈们想要挽回⾯⼦的两个⾃⼰和他⼈，所以他们不会直接表达⾃⼰的想法。然⽽，在美国，除⾮你清楚地表达⾃⼰，别⼈不能直接理解你。Ca 8 (P34)scriptlet
She Has Three Hands她有三个指针:This ca can reflect the different communication styles between Chine and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通⽅式在中国和加拿⼤⼈。在西⽅⽂化中，沟通是传播⽅式的想法。西⽅的⼈们通常直接彼此通信。
That is why the Canadian in this ca says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chine woman without hiding anything. While Chine culture stress harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chine people view communication as a process where all parties are arching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chine woman in this ca tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship” between them.这就是为什么加拿⼤在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海⾥的正前⽅的中国⼥⼈没有隐瞒任何事。虽然中国⽂化强调和谐，强调了沟通者之间的关系。中国⼈民视图通信作为⼀个过程，各⽅正在寻求开发和维护⼀个社会关系。所以中国⼥⼈在这种情况下努⼒不认为与加拿⼤⾯对⾯保持“和谐关系”他们。
Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?你为什么不吃⽐萨饼?:This ca can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映了跨⽂化交际过程中出现的问题以及如何忽视⽂化差异会影响通信。
In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is ud only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be ud to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himlf in an embarrassing situation.这在马来西亚,⼤多数⼈是穆斯林,⼈们认为左⼿仅⽤于清洗⾝体，因此它是脏的，不能被⽤来传递⾷物。并不知道其中的⽂化差异，美国学⽣把⾃⼰放到⼀个尴尬局⾯。
Their communication belongs to Interracial Communication.他们的通信属于⼈种间的通信。Ca 21 (P107)
A Danish Woman in New York⼀个丹麦妇⼥在纽约:This ca can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. 这种情况下可以反映相似⽽不是差异。假设与⼈交流时从另⼀种⽂化,⼀种可能的⽅⾯和治疗别⼈为“他的⼈”，认为只能有⼀个做事的⽅式：这是“他”。
In this ca, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.在这种情况
下，丹麦妇⼥假设她让孩⼦⼀个⼈呆着的⾏为是很常见的，这在丹麦，也适⽤于纽约。在这⾥，她认为什么是适合⾃⼰的⽂化也⽆可争辩的另⼀种⽂化。这就是为什么⼩冲突发⽣。
Ca 23 (P123)
Girl-ness姑娘冲突:This ca can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different language。这种情况下可以反映⼀个翻译问题：缺乏概念等价，这指的是抽象概念可能不存在的相同的⽅式在不同的语⾔。
Ca 41 (P213)
Getting Frustrated越来越沮丧:Jay was frustrated in large part becau many of the nor ms he was ud to didn't apply in Saudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make n to him.周杰伦是沮丧在很⼤程度上是因为许多规范他是⽤于不适⽤于沙特阿拉伯，和许多沙特规范没有意义的他。Cultural p atterns’ components--norms⽂化模式的组件——规范Ca 43
(P226)
负担不起The Improvement Does Not Work改善不⼯作:Following their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterso
n and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the idea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups, which is typical in the United States.他们的个⼈主义的⽅向后，帕特森先⽣和奥先⽣都完美舒适的想法创造团队领导在个⼈销售组织，这是典型的在美国。In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a cohesive and productive team.在集体主义的⽂化，然⽽,⼯⼈们可能出于作为⼀个有凝聚⼒的⼀部分和有⽣产⼒的团队。
This ca reflects the conflict between individualism and collectivism.这个案例反映了个⼈主义和集体主义之间的冲突。When Shall We Meet For Dinner?我们什么时候见⾯吃饭吗?:Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be en in this ca. In the dialogue prented below, Kelly and Keiko are interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, posss a relatively low uncertainty avoidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance index.不确定性规避取向中可以看到这种情况。下⾯的对话，凯利和凯科是关于晚餐邀请交互。凯利，来⾃美国、拥有⼀个相对较低的不确定性规避指数,⽽来⾃⽇本,Keiko也来⾃⼀个⽂化与⼀个相对较⾼的不确定性规避指数。
Ca 25 (P131)
Success Story⼀个⼈的成名史:One of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occ
urred in this ca was different notions of what was verbally relevant，which reflects different verbal communication styles—direct and indirect styles, lf-enhancement and lf-effacement styles其中⼀位消息⼈⼠的挫折和误解，发⽣在本例中是不同的概念是⼝头相关，这反映了不同的⾔语交际风格直接和间接风格,⾃增强和谦逊的风格
Ca 33 (P169）
Are Americans Indifferent?是美国⼈冷漠?:This ca can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures, which implies the Kinesics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的⾮语⾔沟通模式存在于实际的跨⽂化交流，尤其是⾯部表情不同根据不同的⽂化，这暗⽰了⾝势。Ca 36 (P182)
Don’t Put Your Hand on My Arm不要把你的⼿放在我的⼿臂:This ca can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have very different opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace i mmediately surrounding the physical body, which implies Proxemics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的⽂化有不同的意见，空间关系。不同的⽂化有不同的看法,⼀个⼈的⽆意识地构建microspace⽴即周围物理⾝体，这意味着亲近性。
Ca 48 (P257)
Gift from a Chine礼物从中国:Chine people love giving gifts. Usually, the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver is in the nder’s eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be en as valuable enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face. North American companies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the friendship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly small, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens.中国⼈喜欢送礼物。通常，礼物的价值是表明重要接收者在发送者的眼睛。⼤多数⼈送礼担⼼是否会被视为有价值的礼物不够。⼀个便宜的礼物意味着丧失了脸。北美公司偶尔会收到礼物表达对友谊和协助经理可以提供。这样的礼物是珍贵的，然⽽，这些值通常是相当⼩的,⼀瓶酒,⼀个⾳乐CD,⼀个⼩的书，或其他标记。connt
Refu to Be Treated?拒绝治疗?:In the ca just described, the U.S. American medical team system for making n of the situation demanded that people be en in order of the riousness of their injuries or illness. However, the cultural system working for tho on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be en and treated first. So the ca reflect the different roles
of family and gender in the health care context in different cultures.刚刚描述的情况下，美国美国医疗团队体系以使意义上的形势要求⼈们看到订单的严重性，他们的伤害或疾病。然⽽,⽂化系统⼯作对于那些在维尔京群岛要求长⽼被看到和治疗第⼀。因此，该案件反映出不同的⾓⾊，家庭和性别在医疗
保健环境不同的⽂化。
Ca 54 (P291)
A Fish out of Water离⽔之鱼:This ca reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological symptoms. 这个案例反映了，那个男孩正在经历⽂化冲击，这可能会给他⼀些⼼理症状。
Ca 55 (P299)
Missing China!失踪的中国!:This ca can reflect rever culture shock. When people return home after an extended stay in a foreign culture, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through the four stages of the U-curve pattern once again, which is known as W-curve pattern.这种情况下可以反映出逆向⽂化冲击。当⼈们回家经过⼀段呆在⼀个外国⽂化，他们体验另⼀轮的⽂化冲击在他们的本⼟⽂化，他们必须继续通过四个阶段的u形曲线模式再次，这被称为w曲线模式。
Ca 19 (P98)
Who Is the Most Beautiful Woman?谁是最漂亮的⼥⼈
Summary: Manuel was a Philippine lecturer and Fred was a consultuant from another culture. They have totally different idea about who is the most beautiful woman in the reception.摘要：曼纽尔是菲律宾讲师和弗雷德是⼀个consultuant从另⼀种⽂化。他们有完全不同的看法关于谁是最漂亮的⼥⼈的接待。
Theory: Power distance理论：权⼒距离
Explanation: What is Power distance解释：什么是权⼒距离
no oneRelating: Philippine is a high power distance country where people believe in hierachy. A waitress cannot enjoy the same right as the upper class women. Philippine people accept this inequality with no problem.相关：菲律宾是⼀个⾼权⼒距离的国家,⼈们相信层次。⼀个⼥服务员不能享受同样的权利的上层阶级的⼥性。菲律宾⼈接受这种不平等，没有问题。Evaluation: People should know the distribution of power in different cultures might be quite different. This may influence the communication process.评价:⼈们应该知道的权⼒分配不同的⽂化可能相当不同。这可能影响交流过程。
Ca 58 (P310)
What's the Matter with the Gift?什么事的礼物呢?
Theory: This ca can reflect the relationship conflicts in intercultural communication. 理论：这个案例可以反映在跨⽂化交际的关系冲突。
Explanation: Intercultural communication competence is an integrated and complicated competence. In order to have intercultural communication competence, we need to pay attention to every element among it. Relationship conflict is one of them. Some relationship conflicts involve threats to an established relationship. 解说：跨⽂化交际能⼒是⼀个集成的和复杂的能⼒。为了获得跨⽂化交际能⼒，我们需要注意每个元素在它。关系冲突就是其中之⼀。⼀些关系冲突涉及威胁建⽴关系chasing pavement
Relating to the ca: In this ca, the woman in Nukualofa became very angry and shouted the author out becau of the rare gift the author nt to her, in fact, the woman’s extreme behavior is becau the author‘s behavior of nding the gift has put herlf into a position of superiority over the woman, which is a really threat to established relationship—the woman can be a good helper and teacher of the author. The change in established relationship made the woman quite angry. 有关的例⼦：在这种情况下,⼥⼈在努库阿洛法⾮常⽣⽓,⼤声作者因为罕见的天赋作者发送到她，事实上,⼥⼈的极端⾏为是因为作者的⾏为发送礼物已经将⾃⼰变成⼀个位置优势的⼥⼈，这是⼀个真正威胁建⽴关系的⼥⼈可以成为⼀个好帮⼿和⽼师的作者。建⽴关系的变化使⼥⼈⾮常⽣⽓。
Ca 60 (P316)
新东方托福词汇
Demographic Analysis in USA.在美国⼈⼝分析。
Demographic analysis in this ca can reflect that USA is a multicultural society with cultural diversity. Multicultural society refers to the society where there is ethnic diversity within it. And this tendency is more and more universal all over the world.⼈⼝分析在这种情况下可以反映出，美国是⼀个多元⽂化的社会与⽂化的多样性。多元⽂化的社会是指社会哪⾥有种族多样性它。和这种趋势越来越普遍世界各地。
This ca can reflect that culture is dynamic.Cultures are constantly changing over time.这种情况下可以反映出⽂化是动态的。⽂化是随着时间不断变化。
In this ca, the distribution of population is changing all the time, with the decrea of European Americans and the increa of Asian Americans. This change of propotion will lead to the change of cultural phenomenon.在这种情况下,⼈⼝分布状况正在改变所有的时间，减少欧洲的美国⼈，亚裔美国⼈的增加。这种变化的propotion将导致⽂化现象的变化。
The multicultural society requires a heightened emphasis on intercultural competence. 多元⽂化社会需要⾼度重视跨⽂化能⼒。
Ca 64 (P345)
Jane Martin’s Problem 简·马丁的问题
This ca can reflect intercultural competence is relatively complicated and integrated co mpetence, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into con sideration in accentual communication. 这种情况下可以反映出跨⽂化能⼒相对复杂的和集成的能⼒，我们应该把每⼀个元素影响跨⽂化沟通考虑在重⾳的通信。
visa是什么
In this ca, Jane Martin is good at training but is not familiar with new environment –the Korean culture, which is totally different from American culture. Her gender, age, lack of knowledge on the Korean language and culture can be barriers to her effective intercultural communication and good work performance. To Jane Martin, she never nd it is an intercultural communication and never aware of the future difficulties she will face. Without preparations, it’s hard to her to do intercultural communication. 在这种情况下，简马丁擅长训练但不熟悉新环境——韩国⽂化，这是完全不同于美国⽂化。她的性别、年龄、缺乏知识在朝鲜的语⾔和⽂化障碍，她可以有效的跨⽂化沟通和良好的⼯作表现。简·马丁，她从来没有感觉到这是⼀个跨⽂化交流和从来没有意识到对未来将⾯临的困难。没有准备，很难去做跨⽂化交流。To guarantee the sucess of intercultural communication, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in actual communication.保证成功的跨⽂化交流，我们应该把每⼀个元素影响跨⽂化沟通考虑在实际通信。
