2022厦门大学MTI真题（回忆版）
211翻译硕士基础英语
一、单选题（20*1分）
考察语法、词汇辨析、有一题考的谚语。
二、改错（10*1分）
6级答案
with用法It is convenient to distinguish between nonverbal and verbal communication, just as is to distinguish between decoding and encoding process, but such distinctions can be misled. (1)____(2)____ COMMUNICATION is a system, simultaneously engaging in encoding and decoding process. (3)____ In social ttings, we only occasionally speak, but we cannot “ not behave” To understand nonverbal communication it is necessary to appreciate the interdependence of the verbal and nonverbal components of simultaneous encoding and decoding process. An example of this interdependence may have en in the cognitive process directing verbal and nonverbal behavior.
(4)____ Both encoding and decoding can vary from being automatic to reflective and deliberate, but verbal communication is typically more deliberately and cogntively demanding than nonverbal commun
ication.(5)____(6)____ Furthermore, if we assume that there are limited cognitive resources available for encoding and decoding verbal and nonverbal components, then altering the cognitive demands on any one process can affect other process and the cour of communication.(7)____
In general, to the extent that nonverbal process require less cognitive resources than verbal process do, nonverbal communication is more resilient than verbal communication.(8)____ Moreover, specific interpersonal goals can make the encoding of nonverbal behavior (e.g., a difficult impression management task) and the decoding of nonverbal behavior (e.g., looking for evidence of deception) less automatic and more cognitively demanding.(9)____ Understand the dynamic relationships between encoding and decoding aspects of verbal and nonverbal behavior is a critical step in understanding the broader communicative process.(10)____
本文讨论的是语言交际与非语言交际的区别。区分语言交际和非语言交际就像分辨解码和编码过程一样很方便，但此类区分可能让人误解。交际是一个系统，解码和编码两个过程同时存在。在交际场合，我们只是有时说话，但是我们不能不用动作表现。为了理解非语言交际，有必要了解语言交际和非语言交际同时编码和解码过程的组成部分之间的互相依存关系。理解二者之间的动态关系是理解更广泛的交际过程关键的一步。
答案详解
1．∧is→it语法错误。此处as引导状语从句，表示”正如．像……一样”，与前一句进行比较，从句中缺少主语，故应该加上it作形式主语。
2．misled→misleading词汇错误。misled是mislead的过去分词，意为”误导”，从上下文语义判断，此甸不是被动语态，be在此作系动词，需要形容词作表语，故应改为misleading，意为”令人误解的”。
mnemosyne3．in→in词汇错误。engage in是固定搭配，意为”从事，参加”，放在此处语义不通，engage可以作及物动词，表示”占用”，故要把介词in删掉，此句的意思是”交际是一个系统，解码和编码两个过程同时存在。”
4．have→he语法错误。此句的主语example与谓语动词e是被动关系，故应该把have改为be，构成被动语态。
5．∧reflective→being语法错误。此句用了 to结构，幻为介词，要接名词或动名词，故应该在reflective前加上being，与前面的being automatic对称。
6．deliberately→deliberate语法错误。deliberately为副词，意为”慎重地，故意地”，此处若和cognitively一起修饰demanding，则语义不通，故应该把deliberately改为形容词，和demanding并列作表语，此句的意思是”语言交际比非语言交际更加审慎和需要更高的认知能力。”
broadspectrum
shabby什么意思
7．altering→changing词汇错误。alter意为”改变，变更”，指衣服等表面或局部做部分变动，而没有变成另一种事物；change意为”改变，变化”，使事物变稠与之前不同。此处要表达的意思是”改变任一过程认知能力的要求将会影响其他过程和交际过程。”这种改变不是表面的变动，而是变成不同的认知要求，故应该用change，符合上下文语义。
8．less→fewer词汇错误。less为little的比较级，用来修饰不可散名词，而此处接的是可数名词的复数形式resources，故应改为fewer。
9．Moreover→Nevertheless/However语篇错误。由上下文语义判断，此句与前句之间是转折美系。不是递进关系，上一句指出非语言交际要求更少的认知资源，比语盲交际适应性更强，本句则指出特定的人际交往目标可以使非语言交际行为的解码和编码过程需要更高的认知能力，前后形成对照，故应改为表转折美系的连词Nevertheless或However。
10．Understand→Understanding语法错误。此处动词短语作主语，应该用动名词形式，故应改为Understanding。
三、阅读理解（16*2.5分，选择题形式，四篇都是托福往年真题）
Text A:
All mammals feed their young. Beluga whale mothers, for example, nur their calves for some twenty months, until they are about to give birth again and their young are able to find their own food. The behavior of feeding of the young is built into the reproductive system. It is a nonelective part of parental care and the defining feature of a mammal, the most important thing that mammals-- whether marsupials, platypus, spiny anteaters, or placental mammals -- have in common.
But not all animal parents, even tho that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young. Most egg-guarding fish do not, for the simple reason that their young are so much smaller than the parents and eat food that is also much smaller than the food eaten by adults. In reptiles, the crocodile mother protects her young after they have hatched and takes them down to the water, where they will find food, but she does not actually feed them. Few incts feed their young after hatching, but some make other arrangement, provisioning their cells and nests with caterpillars and spiders that they have paralyzed with their venom and stored in a state of suspended animation so that their larvae might have a supply of fresh food when they hatch.
For animals other than mammals, then, feeding is not intrinsic to parental care. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong
quest for descendants. The most vulnerable moment in any animal’s life is when it first finds itlf completely on its own, when it must forage and fend for itlf. Feeding postpones that moment until a young animal has grown to such a size that it is better able to cope. Young that are fed by their parents become nutritionally independent at a much greater fraction of their full adult size. And in the meantime tho young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies. Once a species does take the step of feeding its young, the young become totally dependent on the extra effort. If both parents are removed, the young generally do no survive.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. The care that various animals give to their offspring.
B. The difficulties young animals face in obtaining food.
traverC. The methods that mammals u to nur their young.
D. The importance among young mammals of becoming independent.
2. The author lists various animals in line 5 to
A. contrast the feeding habits of different types of mammals
learn
B. describe the process by which mammals came to be defined
C. emphasize the point that every type of mammal feeds its own young
D. explain why a particular feature of mammals is nonelective
3. The word “tend” in line 7 is clost in meaning to
A. sit on
B. move
如何考会计师C. notice
D. care for
4. What can be inferred from the passage about the practice of animal parents feeding their young?
A. It is unknown among fish.
B. It is unrelated to the size of the young.
C. It is dangerous for the parents
D. It is most common among mammals.
5. The word “provisioning” in line 13 is clost in meaning to
A. supplying
B. preparing
C. building
D. expanding
6. According to the passage, how do some incts make sure their young have food?
A. By storing food near their young.
B. By locating their nests or cells near spiders and caterpillars.
C. By arching for food some distance from their nest.
D. By gathering food from a nearby water source.
7. The word “edge” in line 17 is clost in meaning to
A. opportunity
B. advantage
C. purpo
D. rest
8. The word “it” in line 20 refers to
A. Feeding
B. moment
C. young animal
D. size
9. According to the passage, animal young are most defenless when
A. their parents are away arching for food
indraw
B. their parents have many young to feed
C. they are only a few days old
D. they first become independent
10. The word “shielded” in line 22 is clost in meaning to
A. raid
老公的英文
B. protected
C. hatched
