[Abstract] In human communication, people u body language to communicate, as well as verbal language. Body language is also called Kinesics. It belongs to the scope of nonverbal communication. Body language plays an important role in complementing, accenting, symbolizing or substituting utterance meaning. Body language, like verbal language, is also a part of culture. But in different cultures body language means the different things. Different people have different ways of making nonverbal communication. Understanding the different cultural implication of English and Chine body language can promote people’s cross-cultural communication competence, reinforce the heart-to-heart understanding and in the end will benefit the communication between English and Chine people. This paper mainly expounds the features and functions of body language in pragmatics, prents the meanings of body language in different cultures from the point of cultures, rearches body language’s cultural differences between English and Chine, especially tho in gesture, posture, facial expression, eye contact and physical distance, and discuss the importance of knowing cultural meanings. The rearch of English and Chine body language in nonverbal communication is helpful for people to diminish or avoid misunderstandings caud by the cultural differences of body language.
me too什么意思
垃圾桶的英文[Key Words] body language; English-speaking countries; China; contrast
英汉身势语的对比研究
[摘 要] 人们在进行交流的过程中，除了运用语言这种普遍的方式外，也经常运用身势语。身势语又称体态语，是人类交际中最常见的一种非语言交际手段。身势语对话语意义起着补充，强调，表情，象征或替代作用。身势语同语言一样，都是文化的一部分。在不同文化中，身势语的意义并不完全相同。各个民族有不同的非语言交际方式。了解英汉身势语的不同文化内涵，有助于英汉国家的人民之间更好地交流，提高跨文化交际能力，增进感情与心态的理解，做到“入乡随俗”，传情达意。本文重点论述了身势语的语用特征，功能，并从文化角度对身势语在不同的文化背景中的含义作了介绍，探讨了中国和英语国家在手势，姿态，面部表情，眼神与体距等方面的文化差异，论述了了解文化含义在非语言交际中的重要性。对跨文化交际中的英汉体态语进行探讨，有助于人们减少或避免在跨文化交际中因体态语的文化差异而引起的误解。
tear drops[关键词] 身势语；英语国家；中国；对比
英文催款函1.Introduction
动滑轮Human communication consists of verbal communication and nonverbal communication. Nonverbal communication plays a very important role in the whole communication. Some experts say more than 60 percent of communication comes from nonverbal behaviors, such as facial expression, posture and so on. The nonverbal behaviors always have many meanings. One expert estimated that verbal communication occupied about 30 percent of the whole communication behaviors. “American linguist Samovar affirms that in a face-to-face communication, only about 35 percent of messages are nt by verbal behaviors and others are nt by nonverbal behaviors.” [1] Verbal and nonverbal behaviors, which are both the important parts of human communication, can express feeling, interact ideas and nd messages. They are the indispensable tools that can satisfy human communication.
smn是什么Body language is also called Kinesics, including eye contact, gestures, posture, facial expressions, and physical distance. As an important way of nonverbal communication, gestures are the silent and authentic language that can express people’s inner emotions. They are a part of a national culture. In order to understand a culture well and make the c
ommunication more effective, it is necessary to discuss the pragmatic features and functions of body language.
2. Pragmatic features of body language.
2.1Emblems
Emblems substitute for words. “Emblems are gestures that have a specific meaning that is same for both the nder and the receiver of a particular nonverbal message.” [2] For example, the nonverbal signs for “OK,” “Victory,” “come here,” “be quiet,” and “it’s cold.”
2.2Illustrators
Illustrators help to complement or depict spoken words. “They make your communications more vivid and help to maintain your listener’s attention. They also help to clarify and make more inten your verbal messages”[3] “by punctuating and displaying the structure of our verbal messages, by emphasizing certain phras, by signaling continued interaction, and by providing information in addition to the words that
we u.” [4]
2.3Regulators
Regulators are body movements that aid in the actual flow of conversation. They monitor, maintain, control the speaking of another individual. Regulators tell others when people’s conversational turns will be yielded or maintained. At the same time, they also allow people to deny or request a speaking turn within conversations
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2.4Affect displays
Affect displays are the movements of the face that convey emotional meaning. “Affect displays may be unintentional (as when they give you away) or intentional (as when you want to show anger, love or surpri).” [5]
queue是什么意思2.5Adaptors
Ekman and Frien classify three types of adaptors bad on their focus, direction, or target: lf-adaptors, alter-directed adaptors, and object-adaptors.
(i)Self-adaptors
Self-adaptors are generally not directed at others but rve some personal need. They usually satisfy a physical need, especially to make people more comfortable, for example, biting lip when anxious, pushing hair out of eyes, scratching head to relieve an itch or moistening lips when they are dry. In general, the more nervous one feel, the more and clearer such behaviors are.
(ii) Alter-directed adaptors
Alter-directed adaptors are body motions directed at others and they are learned from past experiences and from the manipulation of objects. “They include gestures ud to protect onelf from others, such as putting the hands in front of the face; movements made to attack others, such as assuming a fighting position……”[6]
(iii) Object-adaptors
Object-adaptors are tho that involve the u of an object, for example, chewing on a pe
ncil or clicking a ballpoint pen. Most object-adaptors are unconscious. They would be elicited from verbal behaviors in certain context.violently
3.Pragmatic functions of body language
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Body language has its own unique pragmatic functions in human interaction. It falls into five types of functions: complement, substitution, emotional expression, accentuation and symbolization.
