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CultureShock文化冲击
Culture Shock
要学习化妆
①DEFINING CULTURE SHOCK 定义
Culture shock is a mental state（心理状态）that comes from the transition that occurs when you go from a familiar environment to an unfamiliar one and find that your old, established patterns of behavior are ineffective.
culture shock can cau you to feel “out of sorts,”“fatigued（疲劳）” and “not wholly （完全的，全部的）in the moment.”
②REACTIONS TO CULTURE SHOCK 反应
prepared when you experience some of the reactions
Antagonism（对抗）toward the new environment
A n of disorientation（方向，障碍，迷惑）
Feelings of rejection（拒绝）
Upt stomach and headaches
Homesickness
showta
Missing friends and family
神探夏洛克第三季01Feeling a loss of status and influence
Withdrawal（撤退）
Perceiving（感觉）members of the host culture to be innsitive（感觉迟钝，不友好）③THE STAGES OF CULTURE SHOCK (THE U-CURVE) (过程，步骤) You should view the stages as a U-shaped curve. “The U-curve depicts the initial optimism（乐观，乐观主义）and elation(兴高采烈，欢欣鼓舞) in the host culture, the subquent dip（向下再向上）in the level of adaptation, and the following gradual recovery.
Excitement Pha.
The first pha, visualized（在脑海中使形象化，设想，想像）as the top of the left side of the U-curve（U曲线）, is usually filled with excitement, hopefulness, as the individual anticipateswhat you give away
being expod to a new culture.
Dinchantment（觉醒，清醒）Pha.
This cond pha begins when you recognize the reality of the new tting and some initial problems begin to develop.
The cond pha is a period when difficulties of language, inadequate schools for the children, poor housing, crowded transportation, chaotic shopping, and the like begin
taking their toll.
Beginning Resolution Pha.
The third pha is characterized by gaining some understanding of the new culture. Here
specifythe person is gradually making some adjustments and modifications in how he or she is coping with the new culture. Events and people now em much more predictable and less stressful. Effective Functioning Pha.
digital age
In this final pha, at the top of the right side of the U-curve, the person now understands the key elements of the new culture (values, special customs, beliefs, communication patterns, etc.). One?s ability to live and function within two cultures (the old and the new) is frequently accompanied(陪伴)by feelings of elation and satisfaction.
When this happens, the returnee experiences the same four phas of adjustment we discusd in the U-curve. This gives ri to the term “W-curve,” becau it joins two U-curves together.
④THE LESSONS OF CULTURE SHOCK
Our discussion of culture shock was predicated on two premis.
F irst, each year millions of people go abroad to work, travel, and study.
Second, many of tho experiences end up producing stress, homesickness, and confusion.
A lthough we have placed the topic of culture shock under the category of “problems,” we would be remiss if we concluded our discussion without emphasizing the idea that culture shock can be an explicit learning experience.
E xperiencing culture shock has a strong potential to make people be
multicultural
Beyond Culture Shock
N ewcomers may not be ready to learn and practice social behaviors appropriate to the new culture in the initial period of ttlement. It is not unusual for recent arrivals 。
D uring the initial adjustment period, new arrivals will most likely experience the fears and feelings of isolation, being disliked, and distrust we described earlier as culture shock.
bullet train⑤ACCULTURATION: ADJUSTING TO A NEW CULTURE（调整）Acculturation（文化传入，文化适应）, as you might guess, is the process of learning to live in a new culture.
Berry defines acculturation as the dual（两部分）process of cultural and psychological change that takes place as a result of contact between two or more cultural groups and their indiv idual members. . . . At the individual level it involves changes in a person?s behavioral repertoire（全部节目）.
资源环境科学
Language
It is obvious that someone living in a new culture “must meet the challenges of language barriers, unfamiliar customs and practices, and cultural variations in verbal and nonverbal communication styles in order to achieve successful understanding.
Diquilibrium（失去平衡，不平衡）
S uccessful adaptation demands a certain level of knowledge about the host culture and requires you to make correct choices regarding that knowledge.
According to Kim, sojourners are, “at least temporarily, in a state of diquilibrium, which is manifested(显露) in many emotional …lows? of uncertainty, confusion, and anxiety. T he diquilibrium associated with adaptation rais two conflicting issues:
(1) a relative preference for maintaining one?s native culture and identity, and
(2) a relative preference for having contact with and interacting with members of the host culture.
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