Examine,Check,Inspect,Survey和Look Over辩异
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这是一组常用的同意词,其基本词义是“检查、核实”,并且由此而引申出“考核”(examine,check)、“核对”(look over,check,examine)、“调查”(survey,inspect)、“视察”(inspect)。这组同义动词只有look over是短语动词,其意思是“快速检查一遍”。
从这组同义词的基本含义及其引申词义不难看出它们之间的共同点
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和细微差别,即词的个性。可见,它们之间既有其互换性,也有其专用性。了解这一特点对更正确地遣词造句很有帮助。
在特定场合下,它们之间既可互换,又有区别,不可错用,说到“检查”、“核对”账目时,可说check(或examine,或look over)the accounts。这时就不能用Inspect或survey。学校期中期末考核或平时考察,前者只能用examine,后者只能用check。如:Usually at the end of the term teachers will examine their students in English in an all round way.(通常学期末,教师必对学生进行全面的英语考核。) 在考场上,教师要学生检查一遍试卷时,通常只用look over或check over。如:Plea look over(or check over)your examinenation paper carefully before you hand it to me.
而表示三易其稿,“一再审阅”,通常也用“look over”这一短语动词。如:I ud to look veral times ove
r the article I had written and perfected it.(我常把写成的文章多次审阅加以完善。) 汉语对有身份的人的“检查”常以“视察”称之,英语也不例外,只能用inspect,如用examine则未免有失身份。试比较:
The premier inspected the nuclear power stationlast year.(总理去年视察了核电站。)
The engineers examined the imported equipment carefully.(工程师们仔细地检查了进口设备。)
如果着眼于“了解实情”、“调查细节”,则可用survey,或examine。试比较:
The delegation surveyed the schools of America the year before last.(前年代表团考察过美国学校。)jiangmin>伊顿幼儿园
Government experts are still examining the wreckage of the plane.(政府的专家们仍在调查飞机失事原因。)
从上述所举例子不难看出这组同义动词各有其侧重面,如:examine 偏重“快速”、“逐一”、“再次”检查,survey着眼“整体”、“仔细”检查,而inspect则指“正式”、“仔细”视察。
只是了解词义及其侧重面还不够,还必须掌握与之搭配的副词。词的意义和内含决定着对副词的选用。现略述如下:
Examine常与副词cloly,carefully,strictly,attentively,parately,periodically,critically等和介词短语in an a11 round way连用;check常与副词thoroughly,absolutely,carewfully,temporarily,effectively,systematically等连用;survey常与副词extensively,officially,impartially,critically等连用;inspect 常与副词intently,personally,periodically,carefully,officially 等连用;而look over常与副词always,again和作副词用的短语veral
times等连用。sgo
此外,这类同义动词常用动词(have,make,keep,give等)+冠词a+其名词形式的词构成意义相当的合成词,来表达一次性的短暂行为,且往往在名词前可加修饰语。试比较:
词霸Plea keep a check on his work.(请检查一下他的工作。)
Plea check on his work.(请检核其工作。)
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类似词组有:
make a thorough examination(作一次彻底检查)
make a general survey(作一通盘调查)
have a health check(作一次健康检查)
give sb a thorough looking over(给某人作一次彻底检查)
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希望以上资料对你有所帮助,附励志名言3条:
1、有志者自有千计万计,无志者只感千难万难。
上海新世界日语2、实现自己既定的目标,必须能耐得住寂寞单干。
3、世界会向那些有目标和远见的人让路。