ud to doA paraphra is a restatement of a source in about the same number of words. Paraphrasing enables you to demonstrate that you have understood your reading; it also enables you to help your audience understand the results of your reading. The most common reason for paraphrasing is makelove什么意思to restate difficult material more simply.
Your restatement of someone el’s words should honor two important principles: your version should 鹅的英文be almost entirely in your own words, and your words should accurately convey the content of the original passage. If you simply change a few words in a passage, you have not adequately restated it. As you compare the source below with the paraphra that follows, notice differences in ntence structure as well as word choice.
Example:
Source (from Walden by Henry David Thoreau, page 109)
Most men, even in this comparatively free country, through mere ignorance and mistake, are so occupied with the factitious cares and superfluously coar labors of life that its finer fruits cannot be plucked by them.
Paraphra
Thoreau argued that most people miss some of the best pleasures in life becau they make the mistake of working unnecessarily hard and worrying about unimportant problems (109).
dreamgirlsHow to Paraphra
It is not true that only direct quotations need to be cited. Failure to acknowledge the source of an indirect quotation or paraphra is also a form of plagiarism.
Paraphra means you restate the author’s idea, meaning, and information in your own words.
Methods of Paraphrasing
Look away from the source and then write. Read the text you want to paraphra veral times until you understand it and can u your own words to restate it. Then look away fr
om the original and rewrite in your own words. Think of what your own words would be if you were telling someone unfamiliar with the topic.
Take notes. Take abbreviated notes; t the notes aside then paraphra from the notes a day or so later.
While looking at the source, first change the ntence structure, then the words.
But remember, no matter how much you change it, you still must CITE it!
Further Reading Material on How to Paraphra a source
How to paraphra a source
General advice
1. When reading a passage, try first to understand it as a whole, rather than pausing to write down specific ideas or phras.
dldl2. Be lective. Unless your assignment is to do a formal or "literal" paraphra, you usually don?t need to paraphra an entire passage; instead, choo and summarize the material that helps you make a point in your paper.
3. Think of what "your own words" would be if you were telling someone who's unfamiliar with your subject (your mother, your brother, a friend) what the original source said.
4. Remember that you can u direct quotations of phras from the original within your paraphra, and that you don't need to change or put quotation marks around shared language.
Methods of Paraphrasing
A. Look away from the sourcero什么意思
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then write. Read the text you want to paraphra veral times until you feel that you understand it and can u your own words to restate it to someone el. Then, look away from the original and rewrite the text in your own words.
B. Take notes. Take abbreviated notes; t the notes aside; then paraphra from the notes a day or so later, or when you draft.
If you find that you can't do A or B, this may mean that you don't understand the passage completely or that you need to u a more structured process until you have more experience in paraphrasing.
The method below is not only a way to create a paraphra but also a way to understand a difficult text.
C. While looking at the source, first change the structure, then the words. For example, consider the following passage from Love and Toil (a book on motherhood in London from 1870 to 1918), in which the author, Ellen Ross, puts forth one of her major argument
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Love and Toil maintains that family survival was the mother's main charge among the large majority of London?s population who were poor or working class; the emotional and intellectual nurture of her child or children and even their actual comfort were forced into the background. To mother was to work for and organize houhold subsistence. (p. 9)res
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Change the structure
Begin by starting at a different place in the passage and/or ntence(s), basing your choice on the focus of your paper. This will lead naturally to some changes in wording. Some places you might start in the passage above are "The mother's main charge," "Among the . . . poor or working class," "Working for and organizing houhold subsistence," or "The emotional and intellectual nurture." Or you could begin with one of the people the passage is about: "Mothers," "A mother," "Children," "A child." Focusing on specific people rather than abstractions will make your paraphra more readable.
