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The Literature Review
of
The Mwritten in the starsystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice
（正文用Times New Roman小四，1.5倍行距，各段首行空4个字符，书名用斜体加粗）
Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy (more specifically, as a "Christian comedy") and as one of the Bard's problem plays; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but rious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved.
In The Merchant of Venice , Shakespeare wove together two ancient folk tales, one involving a vengeful, greedy creditor trying to exact a pound of flesh, the other involving a marriage suitor's choice among three chests and thereby winning his (or her) mate. Shakespeare's treatment of the first standard plot scheme centers around the villain of Merchant, the Jewish moneylender Shylock, who eks a literal pound of flesh from his Christian opposite, the generous, faithful Antonio. Shakespeare's version of the chest-choosing device revolves around the play's Christian heroine Portia, who steers her lover Bassanio toward the correct humble casket and then successfully defends his bosom friend Antonio from Shylock's horrid legal suit. Antonio, as the title character, is sad from the beginning to the end of the play but never names the cau of his melancholy even when his friends ask him. Antonio plays the role as an outcast in the play. Shakespeare us Antonio’s sadness simply as the device to t the tragic tone in the comedy or make Antonio be one of his melancholic characters in his works? Or Antonio is the reprentative of the complicated human nature? Antonio's unexplained melancholy is a significant element in understanding the play.
1. Studies on The Merchant of Venice （Times New Roman + 四号 +首缩进4字符，下同）
Karl Marx once cited that Shakespeare is the greatest playwright in the world. Shakespeare’s comedy The Merchant of Venicebra是什么 is one of the most influential comedies in his works. Shylock has mostly been the center of the rearch on the play.gre作文 The Merchant of Venice was first printed in 1600 in quarto, of which nineteen copies survive. This was followed by a 1619 printing, and later an inclusion in the First Folio in 1623. The play was written shortly after Christopher Marlowe’s immenly popular Jew of Malta (1589), a play wherein a Jew named Barabas plays a greatly exaggerated villain. The portrayal of Shakespeare's Jew was and remained comic until the late 1700s at which time he was first played as a true villain. In 1814 Shylock’s role was depicted as a character to be pitied, and in 1879 he was first portrayed as a tragic character. Subquent interpretations have varied greatly over the years, but since World War II he has most often been conceived of as tragic. The Merchant of Venice has been described as a great commentary on the nature of racial and religious interactions.
2. Deficiencies of Previous Studies on the Mystery of Antonio’s Sadness in The Merchant of Venice
The title character, Antonio, begins the play intriguingly: "In sooth, I know not why I am so sad; / It wearies me" (I.i.1-2). Much ink has been spilled with conjectures about Antonio's melancholy: that he's simply melancholic of temperament, that his devotion to Bassanio is homoerotic and the news that this friend eks to marry has depresd him (Antonio is a name Shakespeare us also in Twelfth Night for a character with an inten devotion to another male), or that he has an "ominous foreboding" about the events that will transpire in the cour of this play. Although tho pioneers aroud people to think much of The Merchant of Venice and left us invaluable and systematic reference, and made many achievements in description and explanation of the cau of Antonio’s sadness, there remain many deficiencies.
First, The Merchant of Venice, which is considered to be one of Shakespeare’s four great comedies, actually functions as Shakespeare's farewell to comedy. Antonio is one of Sha
kespeare’s melancholic characters. Shakespeare in The Merchant of Venice is undermining all that pass for comic entertainment. Shakespeare us Antonio’s sadness as a device to t the tragic tone in the comic atmosphere.
高中生必读名著Second, a lot of issues that are argued about regarding The swan songMerchant of Venice can be considerably clarified if we know something about the audience it was written for. In the modern, post-Holocaust readings of the play, the problem of anti-Semitism in the play has been discusd a lot. Given that Antonio decides not to ize Shylock’s goods as punishment, we might consider Antonio to be merciful. But we may also question whether it is merciful to return to Shylock half of his goods, only to take away his religion and his profession. Antonio’s compassion ems to stem as much from lf-interest as from concern for his fellow man. Shakespeare thus shows a balance of prejudice on both sides. The question whether Antonio is a homoxual in love with Bassanio can also interpreted differently.innocently
