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Lepera试剂
LePera′s reagent
谢谢你们英语怎么说所谓Lepera试剂（Le Pera ）就是：偏重亚硫酸钠溶液和苦味酸溶液的混合液，其组成为10 g/L的偏重亚硫酸钠的水溶液，与40 g/L的苦味酸的乙醇溶液按1∶1混合。一般侵蚀1~30秒（a solution of 1 g sodium metabisulfite in 100 ?water mixed with 4 g of picric acid dissolved in 100 ?of water, for 1-30 c (LePERA, 1979; Lawson et al., 1980)）。（此段文字的来源，当时没有记录，现在反复寻找，没有结果）Lepera试剂在ASM的手册（9）中没有体现，检索无结果；比较令人意外。因为国内TRIP钢的研究涉及Lepera试剂的较多，在ASM的手册（9）中，TRIP钢所使用的试剂是：2% nital etch、4% picral etch。
在下面这篇文章（作者：Y Sakuma - 1991 - 被引用次数：98）中，有一篇参考文献，[26]，
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Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A
Volume 22, Number 2, 489-498, 1991爆你菊花是什么意思
Mechanical properties and retained austenite in intercritically heat-treated bainite-transformed steel and their variation with Si and Mn additions
Yasuharu Sakuma, Osamu Matsumura and Hiroshi Takechi
[26] S. Bandoh, O. Matsumura, and Y. Sakuma: Trans. Iron Steel Inst. Jpn., 1988, vol. 28, pp. 569-74.
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文章中涉及[26]的说：Optical microscopy measurements were made on the specimens prepared by the tint-etching method, with a solution of 4 pct HNO3 + 7 pct (NO2)3CtH2OH + saturated Na2S203, [26]。
在下面这篇文章（作者：E Girault - 1998 - 被引用次数：89）中，有部分源自F.S. LePera的文章中的描述；在得不到原文的情况下，看看最基本的内容也不错。
Materials Characterization
Volume 40, Issue 2, February 1998, Pages 111-118
京翰教育Metallographic Methods for Revealing the Multipha Microstructure of TRIP-Assisted Steels
E. Girault, P. Jacques, Ph. Harlet, K. Mols, J. Van Humbeeck, E. Aernoudt and克林顿演讲
qs2020F. Delannay
在韩波的《贝氏体钢彩色金相研究》中的参考文献，也提到了这篇文章，不过，书写的“刊物”、“页数”有关信息较为奇怪：
[1] Girault E, Jacques P, Harlet P, et al. Metallographic methods for revea ling the multipha microstructure of TRIP-assisted steels [J]. Elvier Science, 1998, 40（2）：111-112.
邹宏辉的《Si-Mn系TRIP钢显微组织研究》中将此文作为参考文献时是正确的；微有瑕疵的是：没有标注“期数”。
[4] Girault E, Jacques P, et al. Metallographic methods for revealing the multipha microstructure of TRIP-assisted steels[J]. Materials Characterization. 1998,40:111~118.
《贝氏体钢彩色金相研究》中还有一个参考文献比较奇怪，这篇文章并没有提到有关LePera reagent 的有关信息；而作为参考文献的目的何在，令人疑惑。就是：[ 2 ] 张珣. 彩色金相在电力系统的应用[ J ]. 安徽电力职工大学学报,2002, 7 (1) : 122.
F.S. LePera首创的试剂，似乎有2个文献来源，请看下面的检索：
blakelivelyImproved etching technique for the determination of percent martensite in high-strength dual-pha steels Metallography Volume 12, Issue 3, September 1979, Pages 263-268
F.S. LePera
Abstract
An improved metallographic etchant and technique for delineating the various constituents in high-strength dual-pha steels has been developed as a result of the need for incread contrast when using electronic image analysis equipment. With an etchant consisting of a 1% aqueous solution of sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) and 4% picric acid (C6H2(NO2)3OH) in ethyl alcohol, martensitic grains appear white, bainite app
ears black, ferrite appears tan, and in most cas, the grain boundaries are not strongly etched. Conquently, accurate measurements of the amount of martensite and bainite can be made using electronic image analysis equipment.
Improved Etching Technique to Emphasize Martensite and Bainite in High-Strength Dual-Pha Steel
LePera, F S
J. Met. Vol. 32, No. 3, pp. 38-39. Mar. 1980
Many etchants bad on sodium metabisulfite were tried in National Steel's Rearch Laboratory on Cr-bearing dual-pha steels, but most failed to differentiate martensite from bainite. However, excellent results were obtained from a mixture of 1% sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) in distilled water and 4% picric acid \C6H2(NO)3OH\ in ethyl alcohol (either specially denatured alcohol S.D.A. 32, or completely denatured alcohol S.D.A. 1) in a 1:1 volume ratio. With this etchant, martensite appears white, bainite appea
rs black, ferrite appears tan, and, in most cas, grain boundaries are not strongly etched.--AA
《Improved Etching Technique to Emphasize Martensite and Bainite in High-Strength Dual-Pha Steel》里面的段落（源自Metallographic Methods for Revealing the Multipha Microstructure of TRIP-Assisted Steels）：
The specimen is embedded in an acrylic resin that stiffens at room temperature. The classical grinding and polishing stages are performed at least down to the u of 1μm diamond paste. It is esntial that the sample be freshly polished before etching to prevent any risk of preoxidation of the surface. After the last quence of polishing, the specimen is rind with distilled water, cleaned with a soapy-water-soaked cloth, rind again, and flushed with ethanol. It is then dried under a warm air flow. This operation must be repeated veral times to eliminate any trace of lubricant or impurities from the last polishing step.
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The etchant is a mixture of two pristine solutions who compositions are given in Table 2.
Volumes of 30 ±2 ml of reagent 1 and 30 ±2 ml of reagent 2 are poured into two different beakers. Just before the etching is started, the solutions are mixed in a small crystallizing vesl. The specimen is held vertically with a small tong and immediately immerd in the mix. It is given a permanent oscillation during the whole etching time, which lasts between 10 and 20 s, depending on the steel composition. After etching, the specimen surface is immediately flushed with ethanol and blown dry under a cool air flow. This step is repeated a few times to ensure that no etchant remains on the specimen. The specimen is finally obrved with a microscope equipped with a high-brightness halogen lamp.
