状语从句
一、 状语从句概述
状语从句是在句中起副词作用的主谓结构。用来修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等。引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词。状语从句用陈述语序，一般位于复合句的句首或句末。当从句在句首时，常用逗号和主句隔开。状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、行为方式等，共九种。
引导状语从句的连词分类表
状语从句 | |
时间 | 恭恭敬敬when whenever as while socialmarketingsince till until before after | 淘宝店铺公告当…时 当…时 一边…一边；当…时 当…时 自从…… 直到…… 直到…… 在…前 在…后 | as soon as the instant the moment the minute directly immediately instantly | 一…就 一…就 一…就 一…就 一…就 一…就 一…就 | once each time every time 深圳学历教育by the time now (that) the day/ year no sooner …than hardly …when | 一旦…就 每次… 每次… 到…的时候 现在/当…时 在…那天/年 一…就 一…就 |
地点 | where anywhere | 在…地方 任何地方 | wherever everywhere | 在…任何地方 到处 云开见日 |
条件 | if 如果 only if 只要 if only 但愿 | unless 除非 as/so long as 只要 in ca 如果 | providing/provided that 假如 on condition that 条件是 suppo/ supposing that 假如 |
原因 | becau 因为 as 因为 eing (that) 既然 in that 因为，原因是 not that… but that 不是因为…而是因为 | since 既然 now (that) 既然 considering (that) 考虑到，因为 on the ground that 由于 |
让步 | though 虽然 even though 即使 whatever 无论什么 however 无论怎样 granting/ granted (that) 即使 in spite of the fact that 尽管 | although 虽然 as 尽管 wherever 无论哪里 no matter 无论 | even if 即使 while 虽然，尽管 however 无论谁 for all that 尽管 whether… or 无论…还是 despite the fact that 不管 |
比较 structure | as… as 像…一样 | not as (so) as 不像……一样 | than 比… |
方式 | as 像/犹如… | as if/ though好像，仿佛 | the way …的方式/样子 |
目的 | that 为了，以便 lest 以防 | so that 为了，以便 for fear that 以防 | in order that 为了 In ca 以防 |
结果 | so that 结果 such that 如此…以至于 that 因而，所以 | so …that 如此…以至于 such that 是这样的以致 with the result that 结果是，因此 |
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二、 时间状语从句
(一) when, whenever, while和as引导的时间状语从句
when表示的动作与主句的动作同时发生，或先于主句的动作。When可指一段时间，也可指一点时间，既可以表示一时性的动作，又可表示持续的动作。Whenever指的是任何一个不具体的时间。while常用来引导两个同时进行的持续时间较长的动作或状态，不能表示一时性或短暂的动作。as表示的动作与主句同时发生，具有延续的含义，一般同延续性动词连用。while和as可译为“一边……一边”。
Whenever my mother or I need a permanent or trim we visited her dear Amalia Toland.
As the day progresd, I considered ways to get out of whatever was going down at the Cullen Hou tonight.
Whenever we met with difficulties, they came to help us.
When I meet the right man, I will get married.
As spring warms the good earth, all flowers begin to bloom.
He entered the room when/ while/ as the meeting was going on.
When/As he finished the speech, the audience burst into applau.
Tom watched TV as he had supper.
注意：When和while可用作并列连词，when含义为“突然、这时”；while含义为“而，但是”。例如：
He had been walking under the trees when an apple fell down.
Jane was dresd in brown while Mary was dresd in blue.
(二) no sooner …than和hardly（barely/scarcely)…when (before)句型
这几个连词词组都是表示主句和从句动作相继发生，含义为“一…就，刚刚…就”，主句动词用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。如果no sooner, barely, hardly，scarcely位于句首，主句需要用倒装结构，即把had放在主句前。
例如：No sooner had she heard the news than she fainted.
Hardly/scarecely had he opened the door when/before a gust of wind blew the candle out.
He had barely/ hardly/ scarecely died before/when the family arguments began.
He had no sooner died than the family arguments before.
注意：有的词书给出了这样的结构，barely/hardly/scarcely/no sooner …than一…就
We hardly arrived than it began to rain.
Hardly were the words uttered(说出)than he began to regret them.
(三) immediately等看似副词实为连词的时间状语从句
immediately, directly, instantly, once等可用作连词引出时间状语从句，其语义和用法与as soon as基本相同。
例如：I got in touch with him immediately I received his letter.
Instantly the button is presd, the mine explodes.
The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.
I’ll let you know as soon as/ once it is arranged.
注意1）immediately, directly, instantly, once等可用作副词。比较：
She went to e him directly she got the letter.
She went to e him directly after she got the letter.
注意2）once引导的从句可以表示时间和条件
alpha是什么
Once you understand this rule, you will have no further difficulty.
=As soon as you understand this rule, you will have no further diffculty.(时间)
=If you understand this rule, you will have no futher difficulty.(条件)
（四）the moment (that)等表示时间的名词词组引出的时间状语从句
the moment, the minute, the instant, the cond等语义为“一…就”，以及every/each time, any time, the next time, the first time, the last time, the day, the month, the week, the year, the morning, the afternoon等不同的语义，用作连词，引出时间状语从句。
例如：The owl stuck out its leg, to which a small roll of parchment was tied, shook its feathers, and took off the moment Harry had taken the letter.so yesterday
Every time Harry heard her approaching he tired to question her about the Howler, but he might as well have interrogated the doorknob for all the answers he got.
Stormy applau broke forth the moment the singer appeard on the stage.affects
You can call me any time you want to.
The instant the result came out, she told us.
I’m going to e him (the) next time he comes to Shanghai.
(五） till与until
这两个词的意思完全一样，但在句首只能用until。在肯定句中，主句用延续性动词表示“直到…为止”；在否定句中，主句与非延续性动词连用时表示“直到才”，这时，相当与before。
例如：Doar insisted that no one draw conclusions until all the facts were evaluated.
She stood there till/until he had pasd out of sight.
Until you told me I had no idea of what she said.
