西南大学博士入学考试英语试题（2012）
Part I V ocabulary (10 points)
Directions: In this part there are 20 incomplete ntences. For each ntence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choo the one that best completes the
. following ntences. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet
1.A broadcasting station will sometimes to its listeners a programme which
it has received from another station.
A. rely
B. relay
C. relate
D. reside
2.The United Nations Conference on Drug Abu, which took place earlier this year
in Vienna, was a very meeting.
A. productive
B. overwhelming
C. compulsory
imsiD. protective
3.A person who studies ___ learns how to express numbers approximately and
how to calculate ratios and averages.
A. static
B. statistic
C. statistics
D. status
4.If you ______ someone, you form a fixed general idea or image of them so that
you assume that they will behave in a particular way.
A. assimilate
B. simulate
C. stereotype
D. subordinate
5.Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that
makes what we read ours.
A. rectifies
B. prolongs
C. furnishes
D. minimizes
6.Satellite communications are so up-to-date that even when _____ in the middle
of the Pacific, businessman can contact their offices as if they were next door.
A. gliding
B. cruising
C. piloting
D. patrolling
7.Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly
from _______ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.
A. configuration
B. constitution
C. condemnation
D. contamination
8.Scientists, who are now aware of how nautilus regulate their buoyancy, have
been able to dispel ideas about the creatures.
A. erroneous
B. misdemeanors
C. misgivings
D. misdirection
9.
development.
A. evolution
B. survival
C. rivalry
D. dignity
10.To avoid an oil shortage, we should advocate that more machines must _____ of
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life in a short time, and this made others astonished.
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A. accelerate
B. operate
C. generate
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D. utilize
11.Japane leaders aboard the U. S. battleship Missouri and signed the ____
surrender, which ended World War Two in 1945.
A. conditional
B. infinite
C. everlasting
D. unconditional
12.It is a _____ that in such a rich country there should be so many poor people who
could hardly keep their body and soul together.
enquiry
A. hypothesis
B. paradox
C. conflict
D. dispute
13.The _____ effects of many illness made him a weak man and he still didn’t
want to do sports every day.
A. cumulative
B. formidable
C. eternal
D. prospective
14.The robbers broke into the bank, _____ the clerics with revolvers and forced them
to give money just as they were about to knock off.
A. shot
B. frightened
C. amud
D. menaced
勇下百层15. This pair of boots cost much less than yours for I bought them when the
department store made a _____ of the stored goods.原创文章
A. clearance
B. reduction
C. fortune
D. deal
16. Technology has _____ the sharing information and the storage and delivery of
information, thus making more information available to more people.
A. formulated
B. facilitated
C. furnished
D. functioned
17. Language, culture and personality may be considered _____ of each other I thought,
but they are inparable in fact.
A. indistinctly
B. parately
C. irrelevantly
D. independently
18. More than 85 percent of French Canada’s population speaks French as a mother
tongue and _____ to the Roman Catholic faith.
A. caters
B. adheres
C. ascribes
D. subscribes
19. There are not many teachers who are strong _____ of traditional methods in
English teaching.
A. sponsors
B. contributors
C. advocates
D. performers
20. The ______ of the scientific attitude is that the human mind can succeed in
understanding the univer.
A. esnce
B. content
C. texture
D. threshold Part II Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Directions: Questions 21 to 25 are bad on the following passage.
There are 6 reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. you should decide on the best choice and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.
Spread across the United States are about 500,000 doctors, cheeked by jowl, in the big cities and thin on the ground in isolated small towns. In June 1986, the cretary of health and human rvices, Dr. Otis Bowen, pasd on a view of his experts: 5%-15% of America’s 500,000 doctors should be candidates for disciplinary action, many of them becau of drug taking or alcoholism. Oth
ers give their patients poor care becau they are nile, incompetent, guilty of misconduct or out of touch with developments in medicine.
The granting, or withdrawal, of licens to practice is in the hands of state medical boards, but they are overwhelmed with complaints and lack the money to handle even a fraction of them. Recently , however, things have been changing. In 1985, 406 doctors lost their licens (compared with 255 in 1984), nearly 500 were placed on probation and nearly 1,000 received reprimands or had their right to practice curtailed. The federal inspector general demanded, and won the right far the states and the federal government, which provide health care for the elderly and for the poor under the Medicare and Medicaid programme, to refu payment to the doctors considered unsatisfactory .
Y et putting the powers into practice is proving to be far from easy . Of the 35 doctors so far denied reimburment from Medicare, almost all work in lightly populated rural areas. On March 27th, their indignation and that of their patients were a sympathetic hearing by the Senate Finance Committee. Rural doctors may not be as up to date as tho in the big towns, but they are often the only source of medical help for miles around and their patients are loyal to them. Members of the review boards, which are paid by the government, insist, however, that elderly and poor people should not be forced to receive (and the state to pay for) inferior care.
An innovation is on the horizon in Texas, the most under-doctored state in the country (with only one doctor for every 1,100 residents). Lubbock University is tting up a computer network that will enable country doctors to obtain medical experti and access to medical records in a hurry. The aim is to reduce the isolation of the country doctors and thus, in the long run, to attract more young doctors to rural areas.
21.The main topic of the passage is .
A.the prent situation of American doctors
B.the legislation on rural medical rvices
C.the problems of country doctors and possible solutions
D.some factors of disqualification of country doctors
22.According to the text, disciplinary action should be taken against tho who give patients poor care becau of the following reasons EXCEPT .
A.taking drugs and drinking alcohol
B.feeling remor of their bad behavior
C.being professional unskillful
D.being sick and conrvative
23.Which of the following is true about the unfit doctors?
A.1,500 doctors were deprived of the right to practice medicine.
B.The federal government has got the right to deny reimburment to tho unqualified doctors.
C.Almost all the doctors who fail to get payment from Medicare work in denly populated urban areas.
D.Patients in the rural areas complain about the poor treatment their doctors give them.
24.It can be inferred from the text that in the near future .
A.there will be more qualified doctors in rural areas
B.there will be an even more rious imbalance of the number of rural and urban doctors
< patients will go to rural areas for medical treatment
25.The paragraph following the text would probably discuss .
A.problems of urban doctors
Questions 26 to 30 are bad on the following passage.
Bacteria are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand ti
mes, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.
Even with an ordinal microscopy, you must look cloly to e bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can e that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking “hairs” called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while
others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.
From the bacterial point of view, the world is a very different place from what it is to humans. To a bacterium, water is as thick as molass is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them.
Bacteria under the microscope, even tho with no flagella, often bounce about in the water. This is becau they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that. Molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a cond the molecules around a bacterium have all been replaced by n
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ew ones; even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly expod to a changing environment.
26. Which of the following is the main topic of the passage?
A. The characteristics of bacteria
B. How bacteria reproduce
C. The various functions of bacteria
D. How bacteria contribute to dia
27. Bacteria are measured in __________.
A. Inches
B. Centimeters
C. Microns
D. millimeters
28. Which of the following is the smallest?
A. A p inhead
B. A rounded bacterium
A.tiny dots
B.small “hairs”
C.large rods
of the following?
A. A rider jumping on a hor’s back
B. A ball being hit by a bat
C. A boat powered by a motor
D. A door clod by a gust of wind.
Questions 31 to 35 are bad on the following passage.
Although, recent years have en substantial reductions in noxious pollutants from individual motor vehicles, the number of such vehicles has been steadily increasing. Conquently, more than 100 cities in the United States still have levels of carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and ozone (generated by photochemical, reactions with hydrocarbons from vehicle exhaust) that exceed legally established limits. There is a growing, realization that the only effective way to achieve, further reductions in vehicle emissions-short of a massive shift away from the private automobile-is to replace conventional diel fuel and gasoline with cleaner burning fuels such as compresd natural gas liquefied petroleum gas, ethanol, or methanol.
All of the alternatives are carbon-bad fuels who molecules are smaller and simpler than tho of gasoline. The molecules burn more cleanly than gasoline, in part becau they have fewer, if and, carbon-carbon bonds, and the hydrocarbons they do emit are less likely to generate ozone. The combustion of large molecules, which
have multiple carbon-carbon bonds, involves a more complex ries of reactions. The reactions increa the probability of incomplete combustion and are more likely to relea uncombusted and photochemically active hydrocarbon compounds into the atmosphere. On the other hand, alternative fuels do have drawbacks. Compresd natural gas would require that vehicles have a t of heavy fuel tanks-a rious liability in terms of performance and fuel efficiency and liquefied petroleum gas faces fundamental limits on supply.
Ethanol and methanol, on the other hand, have important advantages over other carbon-bad alternative fuels; they have hither energy content per volume and would require minimal changes in the existing network for distributing motor fuel. Ethanol is commonly ud as a gasoline supplement, but it is currently about twice as expensive as methanol, the low cost of which is one of its attractive features. Methanol’s most attractive feature, however, is that it can reduce by about 90 percent the vehicle emissions that form ozone, the most rious urban air pollutant.
Like any alternative fuel, methanol has its critics. Yet much of the criticism is bad on the u of “gasoline clone” vehicles that do not incorporate even the simplest design improvements that are made possible with the u of methanol. It is true, for example, that a given volume of methanol provides only about one-half of the energy that gasoline and diel fuel do; other things being equal,
the fuel tank would have to be somewhat larger and heavier. However, since methanol-fueled vehicles could be designed to be much more efficient than “gasoline clone” vehicles fueled with methanol, they would need comparatively less fuel. Vehicles incorporating only the simplest of the Engine improvements that methanol makes feasible would still contribute to an immediate lesning of urban air pollution.
31. The author of the passage is primarily concerned with __________.
A. countering a flawed argument that dismiss a possible solution to a problem.
B. reconciling contradictory points of view about the nature of a problem.
C. identifying the strengths of possible solutions to a problem.
D. discussing a problem and arguing in favor of one solution to it.
32. According to the passage, incomplete combustion is more likely to occur with
gasoline than with an alternative fuel becau: __________.
A. the combustion of gasoline releas photochemically active hydrocarbons.
B. the combustion of gasoline involves an intricate ries of reactions.
C. gasoline molecules have a simple molecular structure.
D. gasoline is compod of small molecules.
33. The passage suggests which of the Following about air pollution?
A. Further attempts to reduce emissions from gasoline-fueled vehicles will not
help lower urban air-pollution levels.
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B. Attempts to reduce the pollutions that an individual gasoline-fueled vehicle
emits have been largely unsuccessful.
C. Few rious attempts have been made to reduce the amount of pollutants
emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles.
D. Pollutants emitted by gasoline-fueled vehicles are not the most critical source
of urban air pollution.
34. The author describes which of the following as the most appealing feature of
methanol?
A. It is substantially less expensive than ethanol.手机英语词典下载
B. It could be provided to consumers through the existing motor fuel distribution
system.
C. It has a higher energy content than other alternative fuels.
