考研英语(一)模拟题2018年(5)
(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
Reading Comprehension
Text 1
Everybody loves a fat pay ri. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as "all too human," with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed n of grievance. But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests thatit is all too monkey, as well.
The rearchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their food readily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much clor attention to the value of
"goods and rvices" than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan"s and Dr. de Waal"s study. The rearchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However, when two monkeys were placed in parate but adjoining chambers, so that each could obrve what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the cond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tosd her own token at the rearcher or out of the chamber, or refud to accept the slice of cucumber. Indeed, the mere prence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce rentment in a female capuchin.
意思加州旅馆歌词
联系方式用英语怎么说
The rearchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteous indignation, it ems, are not the prerve of people alone. Refusing a lesr **pletely makes the feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a n of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from **mon ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
1. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
A. posing a contrast.
B. justifying an assumption.
C. making a comparison.
D. explaining a phenomenon.
2. The statement "it is all too monkey" (Para. 1) implies that
A. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
B. renting unfairness is also monkeys" nature.
C. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
D. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
3. Female capuchin monkeys were chon for the rearch most probably becau they are
吉克隽逸 i feel good
A. more inclined to weigh what they get.
galerkin
B. attentive to rearchers" instructions.
C. nice in both appearance and temperament.
D. more generous than their **panions.
工作经历英文
4. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
A. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
B. can be taught to exchange things.
C. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
D. are unhappy when parated from others.
5. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
drawingroomText 2
owada
Scientists have found that although we are prone to snap overreactions, if we take a moment and think about how we are likely to react, we can reduce or even eliminate the negative effects of our quick, hardwired respons.
学日语的方法Snap decisions can be important defen mechanisms; if we are judging whether someone is dangerous, our brains and bodies are hard-wired to react very quickly, within milliconds. But we need more time to asss other factors. To accurately tell whether someone is sociable, studies show, we need at least a minute, preferably five. It takes a while to **plex aspects of personality, like neuroticism or open-mindedness.
But snap decisions in reaction to rapid stimuli aren"t exclusive to the interpersonal realm. Psychologists at the University of Toronto found that viewing a fast-food logo for just a few milliconds primes us to read 20 percent faster, even though reading has little to do with eating. We unconsciously associate fast food with speed and impatience and carry tho impuls into whatever el we"re doing. Subjects expod to fast-food flashes also tend to think a musical piece lasts too long.
