卢卡斯莫拉Text 1
autocracy
①Everybody loves a fat pay ri. ②Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. ③Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged. ④Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed n of grievance. ⑤But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that it is all too monkey, as well.
①The rearchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. ②They look cute. ③They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food readily. ④Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much clor attention to the value of“goods and rvices”than males.
①Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnan's and Dr. de Waal's study. ②The rearchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for fo
od. ③Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. ④However, when two monkeys were placed in parate but adjoining chambers, so that each could obrve what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
hsd①In the world of capuchins, grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers). ②So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the cond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber. ③And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tosd her own token at the rearcher or out of the chamber, or refud to accept the slice of cucumber. ④Indeed, the mere prence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough to induce rentment in a female capuchin.
①The rearchers suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions. ②In the wild, they are a cooperative, group-living species. ③Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. ④Feelings of rig
hteous indignation, it ems, are not the prerve of people alone. ⑤Refusing a lesr reward completely makes the feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. ⑥However, whether such a n of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
odd是什么意思21.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by __________.
[A] posing a contrast
[B] justifying an assumption
[C] making a comparison
strings[D] explaining a phenomenon
中口考试时间
22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Lines 5-6, Paragraph 1) implies that __________.
[A] monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals
[B] renting unfairness is also monkeys' nature
[C] monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other
[D] no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotionsnatural lection 2
23.Female capuchin monkeys were chon for the rearch most probably becau they are __________.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to rearchers' instructions
siliuji
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys __________.
[A] prefer grapes to cucumbers
[B] can be taught to exchange things
curly[C] will not be cooperative if feeling cheated
[D] are unhappy when parated from others
缺口英文
25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A] Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
[B] Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C] Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D] Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
Text 2
①Do you remember all tho years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn't know for sure? ②That the evidence was inconclusive, the science uncertain? ③That the antismoking lobby was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way? ④Lots of Americans bought that nonn, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
①There are uptting parallels today, as scientists in one wave after another try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. ②The latest was a panel from the National Academy of Sciences, enlisted by the White Hou, to tell us that the Earth's atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. ③The clear message is that we should get moving to protect ourlves. ④The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added this key point in the preface to the panel's report:“Science never has all the answers.⑤But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world ba important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future conquences of prent actions.”
