高考英语必考虚拟语气考点来,你都会吗?
虚拟语气又称假设语气,是谓语动词的一种形式,表示说话人叙述的内容与事实相反,在现实中并不存在,或实现的可能性很小(动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等)。
If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。
I wish it were spring all the year round. 但愿四季如春。
May good luck be yours! 祝你好运!
考点聚焦
1、虚拟语气用于条件状语从句中(常出题点)
聂元梓的大字报(1)表示与现在事实相反的假设:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用“过去式(be动词的过去式用were)”,而主句中的谓语动词用“would / should/ could / might + 动词原形”。如:
If I were a boy, I would join the army.accu
If she had time, she should go with you.
(2)表示与过去的事实相反:条件状语从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时,主句中的谓语动词则用“would / should / might / could + have +过去分词”。
如:
If he had taken my advice, he would have succeeded in the competition.
广州留学中介(3)表示与将来事实相反: 条件状语从句中的谓语动词一般过去时或should/were to/did + 动词原形,而主句中的谓语动词则用would / should/could might + 动词原形。
dramatic blue如:
If it were to rain tomorrow, the football match would be put off.
If it should rain, the crops could be saved.
If I were to do the work, I should do it in a different way.
Note: 三种变化形式
1.错综条件句: 虚拟条件句中的主句和从句涉及的动作发生的时间不一致,这时主句和从句的谓语形式应按照各自动作发生的实际时间来表达。
如:
If you hadn't watched TV yesterday, you wouldn't be so sleepy now. 如果你昨天不看电视,你现在也就不会这么困了。(从句yesterday说明过去,主句now说明现在)
2.省略if的条件句: 在书面语中,非真实条件句中有were, had, should时,可以省略if,而把were, had, should放在主语前,用倒装结构。小学数学难题
Were it necessary, I might go without delay. 如果需要的话,我可以立即去。(= If it )
Had you taken my advice, you wouldn't have failed in the exam. 你要是听了我的建议,就不会考试不及格了。(= If you had taken )
Should I have time, I would call on her. 要是有时间,我就去看她。(= If I should )
3.含蓄条件句: 非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来,只暗含在上下文中,这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。大体有下列情况:
(1)条件暗含在短语中(记住but for和without是虚拟语气的提示词)
He would not get such a result today without your help. 没有你的帮助,他就不会有今天的成果。(条件暗含在介词短语without your help中,按照主句的谓语动词形式虚拟)
But for you, I could not be recovered so soon. 要不是有你,我就不会恢复得这么快。(条件暗含在But for you中,but for=without都是“没有”,“要不是”的意思)
(2)条件用其他形式来表示
He must have been there,or he never could know the place so well. 他一定是去过那儿,否则他绝不会对那个地方如此熟悉。(暗含条件是He must have been there)
She was ill, otherwishe would have been prent at the meeting. 她病了,否则的话就会出席会议了。(条件通过连词otherwior表示出来 If she had not )
注意:or和otherwi 也是虚拟语气的提示词
meltdown
Suppo you were in my shoes, what would you do 假若你站在我的立场上,你会怎么办?(用suppo,supposing,providing等词表示if)
2、虚拟语气用于名词性从句
(1)虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用。
①“wish + 宾语从句”:表示不能实现的愿望,译为“要是……就好了”等。表示现在不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用一般过去时;表示将来不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“would/could + 动词原形”;表示过去不能实现的愿望,从句中的谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”或“could(should) + have + 过去分词”。(常出题点)
如:
I wish it were spring all the year round.
I wish I had known the answer.
I wish I could fly like a bird.
②在表示建议、要求、命令等的动词suggest、advi、propo、demand、require、insist 、request、command、order等后的宾语从句中,谓语动词用should + 动词原形或是动词原形。(常出题点也是坑点,因为可以用动词原形)
如:
resist temptationThe examination instructor asked that the students (should) not u a calculator.
考官要求学生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raid by 10 percent.
工人们要求增加百分之十的工资。cnki翻译助手
They requested that he (should) sing a song.
他们要求他唱一首歌。
比较:
动词suggest和insist后面的宾语从句,应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest作“建议”解时,用虚拟语气,作“使想起、暗示”解时,用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。(暗示)
He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。(建议)
insist作“坚决要求”解时,用虚拟语气,作“坚持认为”解时,用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercis does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康有益。(强调)
He insists that he (should) do morning exercis every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。(要求)
韩文翻译器
(2)虚拟语气在同位语从句和表语从句中的运用。
作表示建议、要求、命令等的名词advi、idea、order、demand、plan、proposal、suggestion、request等的表语从句和同位语从句,从句中的谓语动词用“(should) + 动词原形”。如:
His suggestion that we (should)go to Shanghai is wonderful.
My idea is that they (should)pay 100 dollars.
(3)虚拟语气在主语从句中的运用。
在主语从句中,谓语动词的虚拟语气用“should + 动词原形”的结构,表示惊奇、不相信、理应如此等。
必背
常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词:important, necessary, urgent, esntial, vital, natural, strange, proper等
动词的-ed形式:arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, propod等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。
It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
3.虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用(了解就好,不常出题)
(1)虚拟语气在as if/as though、even if/even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中,
如果从句表示的动作发生在过去,用过去完成时;指现在状况,则用一般过去时;指将来状况则用过去将来时。如: