语言学常用术语
Language: language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols ud for human communication.
Linguistics: linguistics is generally defined as the scientific study of language.
Phonetics: phonetics is defined as the study of the phonic medium of language; it is concerned with all the sounds that occur in the world’s languages.
b级成绩查询Phonology: phonology aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form patterns and how the sounds are ud to convey meaning in linguistic communication.（研究语音和音节的结构，分布和序列，将音位视为起点，来处理语音系统）
Morphology: morphology, as a part of linguistics, is the study of the internal structure, forms and class of words.（研究词的内部结构和构词原则）
Syntax: syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form ntences and the rules that govern the formation of ntences.
Semantics: mantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning.
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Pragmatics: pragmatics can be defined in various ways. A general definition is that it is the study of how speakers of a language u ntences to effect successful communication.
barrierSociolinguistics: sociolinguistics is the sub-field of linguistics that studies the relation between language and society, between the us of language and the social structures in which the urs of language live.
体面的意思Psycholinguistics: psycholinguistics is the study of the mental process of listening, speaking and acquisition of language by children.
Prescriptive:
Descriptive:
大写字母怎么写Langue: langue is the t of conventions and rules which language urs all have to abid
e by.（语言是指语言系统的整体，这个政体相对比较稳定，言语是指代某个个体在实际语言使用环境中说出来的具体话语）
Parole: parole is the concrete u of the conventions and the application of the rules.
Competence: Chomsky defines competence as the ideal ur’s knowledge of the rules of his language.（语言能力是指理想语言使用者有关语言规则的知识储备）
低值易耗品五五摊销Performance: Chomsky defines performance as the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.（语言应用是指真实的语言使用者在实际场景中的语言使用）
姚明 退役Design features: design features refer to the defining properties of human language that distinguish it from any animal system of communication.
nceDuality: language is a system, which consists of two ts of structures, or two levels. At the lower or the basic level there is a structure of sounds, which are meaningless by themlves. But the sounds of language can be grouped and regrouped into a large number of units of meaning, which are found at the higher level of the system.
Arbitrariness: language is arbitrary. This means that there is no logical connection between meanings and sounds.
Productivity: language is productive or creative in that it makes possible the construction and interpretation of new signals by its urs.
Displacement: language can be ud to refer to contexts removed from the immediate situations of the speaker.
momentCultural transmission: while human capacity for language has a genetic basis, i.e., we were all born with the ability to acquire language, but instead have to be taught and learned.
puzzlesPhone: a phone is a phonetic unit or gment.
Phoneme: a phoneme is a phonological unit; it is a unit that is of distinctive value. It is an abstract unit. It is not any particular sound, but phonetic context.
Morpheme: the most basic element of meaning is traditionally called morpheme.
Prefix(suffix): it occurs only before other morphemes.(it occurs only after other morphemes)
Root: a root is the ba form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity.
Category: category refers to a group of linguistic items which fulfill the same of similar functions in a particular language such as a ntence, a noun phra of a verb.
Transformation: transformation is a special type of rule that can move an element from one position to another.
Deep (surface) structure: formed by the XP rule in accordance with the head’s subcategorization properties is called deep structure. Corresponding to the final syntactic form of the ntence which results from appropriate transformations is called surface structure.
Performatives (constative): constatives were statements that either state or describe, and
were thus verifiable; performatives were ntences that did not state a fact or describe a state, and were not verifiable.
