语法篇
一 名词
1.有些名词形式上是复数但其意义为单数：
(1)疾病名称(2)学科名称(3)比赛名称(4)专有名词
例：measles(麻疹)，politics，mathematics少儿篮球培训班，billiards(台球)，Athens，the United Nations
△2.名词的转换：
(1)专有名词作普通名词用。
例：His wife is a Gordon．(=a member of the Gordon family)
(2)许多蔬菜、动物等名词，一般为可数，但用来表示餐桌上的食品时，转化为不可数名词。
例：They grow their own carrots.
Good stew(炖菜)must contain carrot.
留学生购车免税政策(3)物质名词或抽象名词一般为不可数，但用来表示具体、个别事物时，往往为可数。
例：Rich men live in luxury(奢侈)．
A refrigerator is a luxury(奢侈品)here．
(4)当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示“某一种”或“某一方面”概念时，前面可加不定冠词。
例：Geography gives us a knowledge of other countries·
△3.抽象名词的惯用法：
(1)of+抽象名词=形容词
例：of u=uful
a thing of value=a valuable thing
(2)抽象名词+itlf=all+抽象名词=very+形容词
例：She is kindness itlf.
4.名词所有格：
(1)无生命名词的所有格一般不加’s，而用of表示。
例：the roof of the cottage
the bottom of the glass
但表时间、距离、长度、重量、价格的名词、拟人化名词、sakehealth the world之前的名词以及其它惯用语的所有格常用’s表示。
例：a week’s holidays
ten miles’ walk
a stone’s throw(近在咫尺)
Forstune’s cruelty(悲惨的命运)
heaven’s will
the sun’s heat
for God’s sake(务必英语面试自我介绍)
for godness’sake(务必)
at one’s wits’end(不知所措，智穷才竭)
two pounds’worth(价值两英镑)
a yard’s distance(近在咫尺)
注意：a three-day journey，a five-minute rest与three days’ journey, five minutes’ rest意思相同，但表达形式不同。
(2)被所有格修饰的名词是hou，shop，church，home，store，加州旅馆歌词palace等词时，所有格后面名词常常省略。
例： I’m going to the barber’s (shop)．
5.名词修饰另一名词，通常为单数形式，但sports，arms(武器)，accounts(会计)，clothes，customs(海关)，sales修饰另一名词时，表示复数的s不能省略。
例：shoes repairer
sports car(赛车)
arms production
customs duties(关税)
6.有些有and连接的名词，其顺序是固定的，不能改变。
例：knife and fork
hands and knees(趴在地上)
men，women and children
bread and butter
fish and chips
7.单位名词，常用的有：a piece of，△a bit of，a bolt of(一阵)，an army of(一大群)，a bunch of，a gang of(一帮)，a school of(一群)，a crew of(一帮)，a fleet of(一队)，a flash of(一闪、一亮)bracket，a bouquet of(一束)，a pack of(一捆、一群)，a packet of(一盒)，a cake of(一块)，a bar of(一条)，大学英语b统考题库a pile of(一堆)，a troop of(一队)，a t of(一套)，△a shower of(一阵)，△a company of(一团、一班、一队)，a lump of(一块)，a drop of(一滴)，△a grain of(一粒)，△a batch of(一批)，△a cluster of(一串、一组)，a multitude of(一大批、一大群)， a bundle of(一捆)，a slice of(一片经典欧美歌曲)，a handful of(一小撮)，a heap of(一堆)，a herd of(一群)，a loaf of(一条)，a roll of(一卷)，a sheet of(一张、一块、一片)， a stick of(一条、一支)，a ray of(一线)，a flock of(一群)，△a mountain of(……如山)，△a a of(大量)，a pair of，...head of(flowers多少头……) 注意：(1)a fleet of用于车、船、飞机；a pack of表示“一群”时用于猎犬、野兽、飞禽；a herd of用于牛、马、猪、象等；a flock of用于羊、鸟、鹅；a bolt of用于雷声；a sheet of表示“一块”、“一片”时常与glass，tin，iron等连用；...head of中head不管是单数，还是复数，均不加s。
(2)单位名词+另一名词结构中若有形容词时，测试中形容词应放在单位名词前。
例：a good piece of advice
a good pair of shoes
Drill 1
1. I saw at the barber’s.
A. my sister’s boy friend C. my sister boy friend
B. boy friend of my sister D. a boy friend of my sister’s
2. “What on earth is that?” “Don’t you know? That’s a whale, .”
A. largest world’s mammal C. the world’s largest mammal
B. a largest mammal in the world D. largest mammal of the world
3. “Is he determined to drift through life?” “Maybe. By .”
A. cruelty Fortune C. cruelty of Fortune
B. cruelty’s Fortune D. Fortune’s cruelty
4. “Where’s my cup?” “It’s on the .”
A. kitchen counter C. counter of the kitchen
B. kitchen’s counter D. counter of the kitchen’s
5. I’m going to the .
A. book’s stores C. books store
B. book’s store D. book store
6. Her hou is within from the police station.
A. a stone’s throw C. stone’s throw
B. a throw of a stone D. the stone’s throw
7. He works in an .
A. accounts department C. accounts’ department
B. account department D. account’s department
8. We saw police there.
A. many C. little
B. much D. the
9 . “What’s the trouble?” “The family never agree about shares of the property.”
A. her C. their
B. its D. his
10. There they were greeted by a woman called Zenobia, .
A. being a beautiful woman of wealth and position
B. who is beautiful woman of wealth and position
C. a beautiful woman of wealth and position
D. and a beautiful woman of wealth and position
11. I heard thunder.
A. a bolt of C. one of
B. a flash D. a piece of
12. He was frightened by of lightning.
A. a bolt C. a flash
B. a piece D. great one
13. I need and some chee.
A. only a French bread loaf
B. a French bread loaf only
C. only a loaf of French bread
D. a loaf of French bread only
14. I bought a loaf of bread and .
A. a quart milk C. some quart of milk
B. a quart of milk D. two quart of milk
15. I’ve bought three of land.
A. acres C. places
B. farmes D. bushels
二 代词
1.动词-ing分词作主语或宾语时，其前的代词在测试中应用所有格，避免用宾格。
例: I would appreciate your letting me know as soon as possible.
2.在“it’s…that”结构中，测试中避免用宾格代替主格。
例：It’s he whom the committee has named.上海新东方雅思
3.人称代词的顺序：
在连续使用两个以上人称代词时，通常单数you放在第一位，I放在最后，复数we放在第一位，they放在最后。
