中文摘要
Termit盆地位于尼日尔东南部，是中西非裂谷系统中东尼日尔裂谷盆地的一部分。近年来在该盆地的油气发现证实了Termit盆地上白垩统具有良好的勘探前景。但目前研究区地质条件复杂，整体勘探程度较低，钻井少且井位分布不均，地震资料品质参差不齐，对盆地的物源方向以及沉积体系的认识尚不明确，从而制约了盆地进一步的油气勘探。论文以Termit盆地上白垩统（Donga组和Yogou 组）为目的层位，以层序地层学及沉积学理论为指导，以测井、录井、地球化学及地震等资料为基础，系统研究了Termit盆地上白垩统的层序地层特征、古地貌、物源方向及沉积体系类型。
本次研究将上白垩统Donga组划分为2个三级层序（DS1~DS2），将Yogou 组划分为3个三级层序（YS1~YS3）。并进一步明确了Yogou组各三级层序内部的地层展布特征：层序YS1~YS3地层均呈中间厚两边薄的展布趋势，研究区东部的地层厚度要明显大于西部的地层厚度，且层序YS3表现出更大的差异性。
通过去剥蚀、去压实恢复出Termit盆地Yogou组末期的古地貌形态。本次研究，所恢复出的古地貌形态与现今地貌不同：现今地貌盆地呈中间厚、四周薄的展布趋势；而恢复出的古地貌形态中Yogou组的原始沉积厚度在盆地西部最大，东部最薄，即Termit盆地是呈东高西低的古地貌形态。
通过区域沉积背景分析、地球化学分析（氧化还原条件和有机质类型）及地震反射特征，明确了研究区
的沉积背景。并结合古地貌特征，得到Termit盆地目的层位沉积时期处于浅海陆架的沉积背景，并接受来自北东向的物源供给。
研究认为Termit盆地主要发育三角洲及浅海陆架两种沉积相类型。其中三角洲相可进一步识别出2种沉积亚相（三角洲前缘和前三角洲）及6种沉积微相（水下分流河道、河口坝、远砂坝、席状砂、分流河道间泥和前三角洲泥），主要发育于研究区东部。浅海陆架相可进一步识别出2种沉积亚相（内陆架和外陆架）及4种沉积微相（风暴沙丘、风暴沙席内陆架泥和外陆架泥），主要发育于研究区的中部和西部。在此基础上，分析了各三级层序或体系域在垂向上的演化规律，并建立了研究区的沉积相模式。
关键词：Termit盆地，上白垩统，层序地层，物源方向，沉积体系
Abstract
The Termit Basin is located in the southeastern Niger and is part of the East Niger Rift Basin in Central and West African Rift System (CWARS). It shows good hydrocarbon exploration prospects due to its oil and gas discoveries in recent years. However, the study area is still in low degree of exploration and has complex geological conditions. Moreover, the well location is unevenly distributed, and the quality of ismic data is poor and lead to the disagreement of provenance and s
edimentary system which restricts further exploration of the basin.Bad on the theory of quence stratigraphy and dimentology, and comprehensive utilize the logging, geochemistry and ismic data, we analyzed the quence stratigraphic, provenance and dimentary system of the Upper Cretaceous (Donga and Yogou) in Termit Basin.
The Upper Cretaceous (Donga and Yogou) can be divided into 5 third-order quences, among which Donga Formation could be divided into 2 third-order quences of DS1~DS2 and Yogou Formation could be divided into 3 third-order quences of YS1~YS3. We further clarified that the center of Termit Basin is the thickest and the eastern part of study area is thicker than the western. Moreover, the quence YS3 shows greater differences.
We restore the paleogeomorphy of Yogou Formation by eliminating the impacts of the denudation and compaction. The study shows that the paleogeomorphy is very different from the prent geomorphy: the original dimentary thickness of Yogou Formation is thickest in the western part of the basin.
By comprehensively utilizing the regional dimentary background analysis, geochemical analysis (oxidation-reduction conditions and organic matter type) and ismic reflection character, we confirm
ed that the study area is in the background of the shallow continental shelf during the late Cretaceous. It is further clarified that the source of the Late Cretaceous (Donga and Yogou) diments in the study area are from the northeast.
什么叫几何平均数
It indicates that the study area during Late Cretaceous mainly develops delta and shallow continental shelf dimentary facies. The delta facies can further identify two kinds of dimentary subfacies (delta front and predelta) and six kinds of dimentary microfacies (subaqueous distributary channel, distributary mouth bar, distal bar, sheetsand, subaqueous distributary channel mud and predelta mud), which is mainly developed in the eastern part of the study area. The shallow continental shelf can further identify two kinds of dimentary subfacies (inner continental shelf and outer continental shelf) and four kinds of dimentary microfacies (storm dunes, storms sheets, inner continental shelf mud and outer continental shelf mud), mainly developing in the middle and west of the study area. On this basis, we established the dimentary facies model of study area.
芋艿的营养价值Key words: Termit Basin, Upper Cretaceous, quence stratigraphy, provenance, dimentary system
目录russ
toolbar第1章引言 (1)
1.1 选题背景及研究意义 (1)
1.2 研究现状 (1)
1.2.1 层序地层学 (1)实验者
1.2.2 物源体系 (3)
1.2.3 沉积体系 (11)
1.2.4 勘探现状及存在问题 (15)
1.3 研究内容及技术路线 (17)
1.3.1 研究内容 (17)
1.3.2 技术路线 (18)
1.4 论文取得的主要成果及创新点 (20)
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1.4.1 论文取得的主要成果 (20)
1.4.2 论文创新点 (21)
第2章区域地质概况 (22)
2.1 研究区位置 (22)
2.2 区域构造演化 (23)
2.2.1 前裂谷期（750Ma~130Ma） (24)
2.2.2 同裂谷期（130Ma~25Ma） (25)
2.2.3 后裂谷期（25Ma~0Ma） (28)
2.3 地层发育特征 (28)
第3章层序地层格架 (30)
3.1 层序地层划分方案 (30)
美国人的价值观3.1.1 层序地层划分原则 (30)
3.1.2 层序地层划分方案 (31)
3.2 层序界面及体系域的识别标志 (32)
3.2.1 层序DS1 (33)
3.2.2 层序DS2 (37)
3.2.3 层序YS1 (39)
3.2.4 层序YS2 (41)
3.2.4 层序YS3 (43)
3.3 层序地层特征 (46)
3.3.1 单井层序地层分析 (46)
3.3.2 剖面层序地层分析 (57)
3.3.3 地层平面展布特征 (62)
第4章古地貌恢复及物源方向分析 (65)
4.1 问题的提出 (65)
4.2 古地貌恢复 (66)
4.2.1 地层剥蚀厚度计算 (66)
4.2.2 压实恢复 (70)
4.3 区域沉积背景 (74)
4.4 地球化学特征 (79)www tube8 comvideos
4.4.1 氧化还原条件 (79)
4.4.2 有机质类型 (79)
4.5 地震反射特征 (81)
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4.6 物源方向分析 (83)
第5章沉积体系研究 (85)
5.1 沉积相标志 (85)
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5.1.1 测井相标志 (85)
5.1.2 地震相标志 (88)
5.2 沉积相类型及其特征 (91)
5.2.1 三角洲相 (92)
5.3.1 浅海陆架相 (94)
