英语真题阅读理解试题及解析
英语真题阅读理解试题及解析
When prehistoric man arrived in new parts of the world, something strange happened to the large animals: they suddenly became extinct. Smaller species survived. The large, slow-growing animals were easy game, and were quickly hunted to extinction. Now something similar could be happening in the oceans.
That the as are being overfished has been known for years. What rearchers such as Ransom Myers and Boris Worm have shown is just how fast things are changing. They have looked at half a century of data from fisheries around the world. Their methods do not attempt to estimate the actual biomass (the amount of living biological matter) of fish species in particular parts of the ocean, but rather changes in that biomass over time. According to their latest paper published in Nature, the biomass of large predators (animals that kill and eat other animals) in a new fishery is reduced on average by 80% within 15 years of the start of exploitation. In some long-fished areas, it has halved again
bullshit什么意思since then.
Dr. Worm acknowledges that the figures are conrvative. One reason for this is that fishing technology has improved. Today’s vesls can find their prey using satellites and sonar, which were not available 50 years ago. That means a higher proportion of what is in the a is being caught, so the real difference between prent and past is likely to be wor than the one recorded by changes in catch sizes. In the early days, too, longlines would have been more saturated with fish. Some individuals would therefore not have been caught, since no baited hooks would have been available to trap them, leading to an underestimate of fish stocks in the past. Furthermore, in the early days of longline fishing, a lot of fish were lost to sharks after they had been hooked. That is no longer a problem, becau there are fewer sharks around now.
Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm argue that their work gives a correct baline, which future management efforts must take into account. They believe the data support an idea current among marine biologists, that of the “shifting baline”. The notion is that people
have failed to detect the massive changes which have happened in the ocean becau they have been looking back only a relatively short time into the past. That matters becau theory suggests that the maximum sustainable yield that can be cropped from a fishery comes when the biomass of a target species is about 50% of its original levels. Most fisheries are well below that, which is a bad way to do business.
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared.
[C] large a animals may face the same threat today.the bird and the bee
first and foremost
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.phew
32. We can infer from Dr. Myers and Dr. Worm’s paper that
[A] the stock of large predators in some old fisheries has reduced by 90%.
[B] there are only half as many fisheries as there were 15 years ago.
[C] the catch sizes in new fisheries are only 20% of the original amount.
[D] the number of larger predators dropped faster in new fisheries than in the old.
33. By saying “the figures are conrvative” (Line 1, Paragraph 3), Dr. Worm means that
[A] fishing technology has improved rapidly.
[B] the catch-sizes are actually smaller then recorded.
[C] the marine biomass has suffered a greater loss.
[D] the data collected so far are out of date..
34. Dr. Myers and other rearchers hold that
[A] people should look for a baline that can work for a longer time.
uuv
honolulu[B] fisheries should keep the yields below 50% of the biomass.
[C] the ocean biomass should be restored to its original level.
mht[D] people should adjust the fishing baline to the changing situation.
35. The author ems to be mainly concerned with most fisheries’
[A] management efficiency.
[B] biomass level.
[C] catch-size limits.
[D] technological application.
keds名师解析
31. The extinction of large prehistoric animals is noted to suggest that
elisabeth harnois
提及大型史前动物的灭绝是为了说明
[A] large animals were vulnerable to the changing environment.
大型动物容易受到环境变化的影响。
[B] small species survived as large animals disappeared.
当大型动物消失的时候小型物种存活了下来。
[C] large a animals may face the same threat today.
大型海洋动物今天面临相同的威胁。
[D] slow-growing fish outlive fast-growing ones.星期英文
成长缓慢的鱼要比成长快速的鱼活得长。
