山东科技大学2018年全国硕士研究生招生考试
基础英语试卷
PART I GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY(20points)
Directions:There are20incomplete ntences in this ction.Beneath each ntence there are four words or phras marked A,B,C and D.Choo one word or phra that best completes the ntence.
1.The newly-built Science Building ems________enough to last a hundred years.
A)spacious B)sophisticated C)substantial D)ready
2.Once you get to know your mistakes,you should______them as soon as possible.
A)rectify B)reclaim C)refrain D)reckon
3.The circus has always been very popular becau it______both the old and the young.
A)immers B)indulges C)fascinates D)facilitates
4.The melodious folk songs are generally_____to Smith,a very important musician of the century.
A)devoted B)contributed C)compod D)ascribed
5.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become_______and are no longer
ud in the prent days.
A)obsolete B)obscene C)obvious D)oblique
6.Nancy’s gone to work but her car’s still there.She______by bus.
A)should have gone
B)must have gone
C)ought to have gone
D)could have gone
7.After______emed an endless wait,it was his turn to enter the personnel manager’s office.
A)that B)it C)what D)there
8.I hope all the precautions against air pollution,_____suggested by the local government,will be
riously considered here.
A)while B)since C)after D)as
9._______that should be given priority to.
A)It is what has the government decided
B)It is what the government has decided
C)It is only the government has decided
D)It is the government has decided
10.Mobility is one of the characteristics often______executives,and they must accustom themlves
早饭英语
to moving quite regularly.
A)demanded of B)asked for C)expected from D)called for
11.I found it difficult to______my career ambitions with the need to bring up my children.
A)consolidate B)intensify C)amend D)reconcile
12.While crossing the mountain area,all the men carried guns lest they_______by wild animals.
A)should be attacked
B)had been attacked
C)must be attacked
D)would be attacked
13.I am surprid_______this city is a dull place to live in.
A)that you would think
B)that you should think
C)by what you are thinking
D)with what you were thinking
14.Living in the western part of the country has its problems,______obtaining fresh water is not the
least.
A)with which B)for which C)of which D)which
15.Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field,he succeeded_____other
more well-informed experimenters failed.
A)which B)that C)what D)where
16.“May I speak to your manager Mr.Williams at five o’clock tonight?”
“I’m sorry.Mr.Williams______to a conference long before then.”
前程似锦英语
A)will have gone B)had gone C)would have gone D)has gone
17.It was recommended that pasngers_____smoke during the flight.
A)not B)need not C)could not D)would not
18.It’s amazing that two rearchers working independently made the same discovery_____.
A)spontaneously B)simultaneously C)collaboratively D)conscientiously
19.He could produce no evidence_______his argument.
A)in respect of B)in view of C)in support of D)on account of
20.You must either_____to the rules or leave the schoo1.
A)contempt B)contend C)conform D)confront
PART II READING COMPREHENSION(40points)
Directions:There are four passages in this ction.Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and write the answer on the Answer Sheet.
Questions21to25are bad on the following passage.
Everybody loves a fat pay ri.Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one.Indeed,if he has a reputation for slacking,you might even be outraged. Such behaviour is regarded as“all too human”,with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed n of grievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta,Georgia,which has just been published in Nature,suggests that it is all too monkey,as well.
The rearchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys.They look cute.They are good-natured,co-cooperative creatures,and they share their food readily.Above all,like their female
human counterparts they tend to pay much clor attention to the value of“goods and rvices”than males.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr.Brosnan’s and Dr.de Waal’s study.The rearchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchange tokens for food.Normally,the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber.However,when two monkeys were placed in parate but adjoining chambers,so that each could obrve what the other was getting in return for its rock,their behaviour became markedly different.
In the world of capuchins,grapes are luxury goods(and much preferable to cucumbers).So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token,the cond was reluctant to hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all,the other either tosd her own token at the rearcher or out of the chamber,or refud to accept the slice of cucumber.Indeed,the mere prence of a grape in the other chamber(without an actual monkey to eat it)was enough to induce rentment in a female capuchin.
The rearchers suggest that capuchin monkeys,like humans,are guided by social emotions.In the wild,they are a co-operative,group-living species.Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated.Feelings of righteous indignation,it ems,are not the prerve of people alone.Refusing a lesr reward completely makes the feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However,whether such a n of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans,or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had35million years ago,is, as yet,an unanswered question.
21.In the opening paragraph,the author introduces his topic by_______
A)posing a contrast B)justifying an assumption
西安电脑培训班
C)making a comparison D)explaining a phenomenon
22.The statement“it is all too monkey”(Last line,Paragraph1)implies that_______四年级英语试卷分析
A)monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
B)renting unfairness is also monkeys’nature.
C)monkeys,like humans,tend to be jealous of each other.
D)no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23.Female capuchin monkeys were chon for the rearch most probably becau they are_______
A)more inclined to weigh what they get.
B)attentive to rearchers’instructions.
C)nice in both appearance and temperament.
D)more generous than their male companions.
24.Dr.Brosnan and Dr.de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys________
A)prefer grapes to cucumbers.
B)can be taught to exchange things.
C)will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
D)are unhappy when parated from others.
25.When can we infer from the last paragraph?
A)Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B)Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C)Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D)Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
Questions26to30are bad on the following passage.
“Masterpieces are dumb”wrote Flaubert.“They have a tranquil aspect like the very products of nature,like large animals and mountains.”He might have been thinking of War and Peace,that vast, silent work,unfathomable and simple,provoking endless questions through the majesty of its being. Tolstoy’s simplicity is“overpowering,”says the critic Bayley,“disconcerting,”becau it comes from “his casual assumption that the world is as he es it”;like other19th century Russian writers he is “impressive”becau he“means what he says.”But he stands apart from all others and from most Western writers in his identity with life,which is so complete as to make us forget he is an artist.He is the center of his work,but his egocentricity is of a special kind.“Goethe,for example,”says Bayley,“cared for nothing but himlf.”Tolstoy was nothing but himlf.2013考研国家分数线
For all his varied modes of writing and the multiplicity of characters in his fiction,Tolstoy and his work are of a piece.The famous“conversion”of his middle years,movingly recounted in his Confession, was a culmination of his early spiritual life,not a departure from it.The apparently fundamental changes that led from epic narrative to dogmatic parable,from a joyous,buoyant attitude toward life to pessimism and cynicism,from War and Peace to The Kreutzer Sonata,came from the same restless, impressionable depths of an independent spirit yearning to get at the truth of its experience.“Truth is my hero,”wrote Tolstoy in his youth,reporting the fighting in Sebastopol.Truth re
mained his hero-his own, not others’truth.Others were awed by Napoleon,believed that a single man could change the destinies of nations,adhered to meaningless rituals,formed their tastes on established canons of art.Tolstoy reverd all preconceptions,and in every reversal he overthrew the“system”,the“machine,”the externally ordained belief,the conventional behavior in favor of unsystematic,impulsive life,of inward motivation and the solutions of independent thought.
In his work the artificial and genuine are always exhibited in dramatic opposition:the suppodly great Napoleon and the truly great,unregarded little Captain Tushin,or Nicholas Rostov’s actual experience in battle and his later account for it.The simple is always pitted against the elaborate. Knowledge gained from obrvation against asrtions of borrowed faiths.Tolstoy’s magical simplicity is a produce of the tensions;his work is a record of the questions he put to himlf and of his fiction exemplify this arch,and their happiness depends on the measure of their answer.Tolstoy wanted happiness,but only hard-won happiness,that emotional fulfillment and intellectual clarity which could come only as the price of all-consuming effort.He scorned lesr satisfaction.
26.Which of the following can best summarize Flaubert’s statement in the first paragraph?
A)The most important aspects of good art are the orderliness and tranquility.智子疑邻翻译
巴巴亚罗
muma
B)Masterpieces em ordinary and unremarkable from the perspective of a later age.
C)Important works of art take their place in the pageant of history with uniqueness.
D)Great works of art do not explain themlves any more than natural objects do.
27.The author quotes from Bayley to show that Tolstoy________
no otherA)writes novels that are reports of copying actual events.
B)maintains no lf-conscious distance from his experience.
C)often writes his works in a quite simple way.
D)works casually to make his works with inexplicable truth.
28.What’s the author’s attitude towards Tolstoy?
A)She deprecates the cynicism of his later works.B)She finds him theatrically artificial.
targeted
C)She admires his wholehearted sincerity.D)She thinks his inconsistency disturbing.
29.According to the passage,Tolstoy’s conversion is_______
A)a radical renunciation of the world.
B)the natural conquence of his early beliefs.
C)the acceptance of a religion he had rejected.
D)the rejection of avant-garde ideas.
30.We can infer the following from the passage EXCEPT that______
A)Confession belongs to an early period of Tolstoy’s work.
B)in his works Tolstoy might express his discontent to the society.
C)the hero wouldn’t obtain happiness if he couldn’t get the answer.
D)the easily-obtained happiness is rejected by Tolstoy.
Questions31to35are bad on the following passage.
In most ctors of the economy,it is the ller who attempts to act a potential buyer with various inducements of price,quality,and utility,and it is the buyer who makes the decision.In the health care industry,however,the doctor-patient relationship is a mirror image of the ordinary relationship between producer and consumer.Once an individual has chon to e a physician,the physician usually makes all significant purchasing decisions:whether the patient should return“next Wednesday”,whether X-rays are needed,whether drugs should be prescribed,etc.
This is particularly significant in relation to hospital care.The physician must certify the need for hospitalization,determine what procedures will be performed,and announce when the patient may be discharged.The patient maybe consulted about some of the decisions,but in the main it is the doctor’s judgments that are final.Little wonder then that in the eyes of the hospital it is the physician who is the real“consumer”.As a conquence,the medical staff reprents the“power center”in hospital policy and decision-making,not the administration.
Although usually,there are in this situation four identifiable participants—the physician,the hospital,the patient and the payer(generally an insurance carrier or government)—the physician makes the esntial decision for all of them.The hospital becomes an extension of the physician;the payer generally meets most of the bona fide bills generated by the physician/hospital;and for the mo
st part, the patient plays a passive role.In routine or minor illness,or just plain worries,the patient’s options are,of cour,much greater with respect to u and price.But in illness that are of some significance, such choice tends to evaporate.And it is for the illness that the bulk of the health care dollar is spent.
