学习词根---Unit8.4
昨天的答案：
1. b
2. f
3. d
4. c
5. g
6. h
7. a
8. e
TROPH两个词根。
MOR/MORT和TROPH
今天学习MOR/MORT
MOR/MORT comes from Latin words meaning "to die" and "death." A mortuary is a place where dead bodies are kept until burial, and a postmortem examination is one conducted on a recently death body. The Latin phra "Memento mori" means "Remember that you must die"; so a memento mori is the name we give to a reminder of death; the skulls you can find carved on gravestones in old cemeteries are examples.
temperamentmortality. (1) The quality or state of being alive and therefore certain to die. (2) The number of deaths that occur in a particular time or place.
例句：Mortality rates were highest among tho who tho who lived clost to the plant.
住在距离植物最近的那些⼈的死亡率最⾼。
Young people tend to assume they will never die; but a person's n of his or her mortality generally increas year by year, and often increas greatly after a rious accident or illness. Still, many people refu to change behaviors that would improve their chances of living into old age. Mor
tality rates are calculated by government agencies, insurance companies, and medical rearchers. Infant mortality rates provide a good indicator of a country's overall health; in recent years, the rates in countries like Iceland, Singapore, and Japan have been much better than in the U.S.
moribund.
moribund. (1) In the process of dying or approaching death. (2) Inactive or becoming outmoded.
例句：Church attendance in Britain has fallen in recent years, but no one would say the Anglican church is moribund.
近年来，英国的教堂出席率下降，但没⼈会说英国国教教堂已经奄奄⼀息。
Moribund is still sometimes ud in its original literal n of "approaching death," but it's much more often ud to describe things. When the economy goes bad, we hear about moribund mills and factories and towns; the economy itlf may even be called moribund. Critics may speak of the moribund state of poetry, or lament the moribund record or newspaper industry.few怎么读
amortize. To pay off (something such as a mortgage) by making small payments over a period of time.
例句：For tax purpos, they clo to amortize most of the business's start-up costs over a three-year period.
出于税收⽬的，他们接近于在三年内分期偿还⼤部分企业的启动成本。
Amortize is most common as a legal term, and many of us first come across it when we take out a mortgage or start a business. Financial officers and tax lawyers can choo how to legally amortize various types of business expens, some of which may em much better than others. In mortgage amortization, much of what you pay month by month is actually interest on the mortgage debt, especially at the beginning. So what does amortizing have to do with death? Basically, to amortize a debt means to "kill" it slowly over time.
mortify. (1) To subdue or deaden (the body) especially by lf-discipline or lf-inflicted pain. (2) To embarrass greatly. mortify.
全日制本科
例句：Our 14-year-old is mortified whenever he es us dancing, especially if any of his friends is around.
我们14岁的时候，每当他看到我们跳舞时都会感到尴尬，特别是任何他的朋友在⾝边时。
Mortify once actually meant "put to death," but no longer. Its "deaden" n is most familiar to us in the phra "mortifying the flesh," which refers to a custom once followed by devout Christians, who would starve themlves, deprive themlves of every comfort, and even whip themlves in order to subdue their bodily desires and punish themlves for their sins. But the most common u of mortify today is the "humiliate" n; its connection with death is still apparent when we speak of "dying of embarrassment."
TROPH comes from the Greek trophe, meaning "nourishment." This particular troph- root doesn't show up in many everyday TROPH
能言马与男孩English word (the troph- in words like trophy, apostrophe, and catastrophe has a different meaning), but instead tends to appear in scientific terms.
atrophy. (1) Gradual loss of muscle or flesh, usually becau of dia or lack of u. (2) A decline or degeneration. atrophy.
例句：After a month in a hospital bed, my father required a round of physical therapy to deal with his
muscular atrophy.informationization
在医院躺了⼀个⽉后，我⽗亲需要⼀轮物理治疗来对付他的肌⾁萎缩症。
中文翻译From its literal Greek roots, atrophy would mean basically "lack of nourishment." Although the English word doesn't usually imply any lack of food, it always refers to a wasting away. Tho who have been bedridden for a period of time will notice that their muscles have atrophied. And muscular atrophy is a frequent result of such dia as cancer and AIDS. We also u atrophy in a much more general n. After being out of work a few years, you may find your word skills have atrophied; someone who's been living an isolated life may discover the same thing about his or her social skills; and a democracy can atrophy when its citizens cea to pay attention to how they're being governed.
沈阳新航道hypertrophy. (1) Excessive development of an organ or part. (2) Exaggerated growth or complexity.
hypertrophy.
例句：Opponents claimed that the Defen Department, after years of being given too much money by the Congress, was now suffering from hypertrophy.
反对者声称，国防部多年来被国会拨款太多，现在遭受“肥⼤症”的痛苦。
idea pocketWhen the prefix hyper-, "above, beyond", is joined to -trophy, we get the opposite of atrophy. An organ or part becomes hypertrophic when it grows so extremely that its function is affected. Muscle hypertrophy is common in men who do strength training, and is often harmless; but extreme muscle hypertrophy generally involves taking steroids, which can do great damage to the body. Hypertrophy of the heart sounds as if it might be healthy, but instead it's usually a bad sign. As the example ntence shows, hypertrophy, like atrophy, can be ud in nonmedical ways as well.
dystrophy.
dystrophy. Any of veral disorders involving the nerves and muscles, especially muscular dystrophy.
junkfood例句：The most common of the muscular dystrophies affects only males, who rarely live to the age 40.
最常见的肌营养不良症只影响到男性，那种很少活到40岁的男性。
Since the prefix dys- means "bad" or "difficult", dystrophy is always a negative term. Originally it meant "a condition caud by improper nutrition," but today the term is instead ud for a variety of o
ther conditions, particularly conditions that noticeably affect the muscles. Of the many types of muscular dystrophy, the best known is Duchenne's, a terrible dia that strikes about one in 3,300 males and produces vere wasting of the muscles. However, the muscular dystrophies generally affect many other organs and systems as well. And the other dystrophies, which tend to involve the eyes or hands, don't much remble the muscular dystrophies.
eutrophication. The process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients.
eutrophication.
例句：Local naturalists are getting worried about the increasing eutrophication they've been noticing in the lake.
当地的博物学家越来越担⼼他们注意到的湖中⽇益增加的富营养化现象。
Eutrophication, which comes from the Greek eutrophos, "well-nourished", has become a major environmental problem. Nitrates and phosphates, especially from lawn fertilizers, run off the land into rivers and lakes, promoting the growth of algae(⽔藻) and other plant life, which take oxygen from the water, causing the death of fish and mollusks(软体动物). Cow manure(粪肥), agricultural fertilizer,
detergents, and human waste are often to blame as well. In the 1960s and '70s, the eutrophication of Lake Erie advanced so extremely that it became known as the "dead lake." And many areas of the oceans worldwide--some more than 20,000 square miles in extent--have become "dead zones," where almost no life of any kind exists.
Quiz:
Fill in each blank with the correct letter:
a. eutrophication
b. atrophy
c. hypertrophy
d. dystrophy
e. moribund
f. mortify
g. mortality
h. amortize
1. By the 1960s, most of the textile industry had moved south, and mill town emed ________.
punchin
2. In muscular ______, the wasting begins in the legs and advances to the arms.
3. Most people don't spend much time thinking about their ________ until they're in their thirties and forties.
4. They should be able to _______ their mortgage completely by the time they retire.
5. Muscular _________ as extreme as that is only possible with steroids.
6. Some religious cts still engage in acts designed to _______ the flesh.
7. By then the pond had almost entirely filled in with plant life, a result of the _______ caud by the factory's discharges.
8. In the four weeks before he has the cast taken off, his muscles will _____ quite a lot.
