Unit 5 Music
Grammar and Uful Structures
Aims
To help students learn about the Attributive Clau with a preposition in front.
To help students discover and learn to u some uful words and expressions.
To help students discover and learn to u some uful structures. Procedures
I. Warming up
Warming up by discovering uful words and expressions
Turn to page 35 and do exercis No. 1, 2 and 3 first. Check your answers against your classmates’.
II. Learning about grammar
会计学基础知识1.Reading and thinking
Turn to page 34 and read with me the text of THE BAND THAT WASN’t. As you read on, pay attention to The Attributive Clau (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom), that is, the attributive claus with a preposition ahead of the relative pronoun shown in the ntences.
2.Doing exercis No. 1 and 2 on page 35
Turn to page 34. Look at the two ntences:
The musicians of whom the band was formed played jokes on each other
as well as played music.
However, after a year or so in which they became more rious about their work, “The Monkees” started to play their own instruments and write their own songs like a real band.
Pay attention to the structure: preposition + relative pronoun.
Usually only two relative pronouns --- which and whom--- can be ud
受欢迎in the Attributive Clau, with a preposition put before the clau. That can’t be ud. Look at the screen. Here are more examples on this kind of structure.
Now go on to do Exerci No. 2 on page 36, that is, to sort out the ntences. III. Ready ud materials for The Attributive Clau (in/ for/ with/ by＋which/ whom)
In formal styles we often put a preposition before the relative pronouns which and whom:
•The rate at which a material heats up depends on its chemical composition.
哈尔滨培训学校•In the novel by Peters, on which the film is bad, the main character is a
小学四年级教学计划teenager. •An actor with whom Gelson had previously worked contacted him about the role.
测控技术与仪器考研•Her many friends, among whom I like to be considered, gave her encouragement. Notice that after a preposition you can’t u who in place of whom, and you can’t u that or zero relative pronoun either:
•Is it right that politicians should make important decisions without consulting the public to whom they are accountable? (not --- the public to who they are accountable.)
•The valley in which the town lies is heavily polluted. (not --- The valley in that )captiva
•Arnold tried to gauge the speed at which they were traveling. (not --- the speed at they were traveling.)
In informal English we usually put the preposition at the end in attributive claus rather than at the beginning:
•The office which Graham led the way to was filled with books.
•Jim’s footballing ability, which he was noted for, had been encouraged by his parents.
•The playground wasn’t ud by tho children who it was built for.
In this ca we prefer who rather than whom(although whom is ud in formal contexts). In restrictive attributive claus we can also u that or zero relative pronoun instead of who or which (e.g. ...the children (that) it was built for).
If the verb in attributive claus is a two-or-three-word verb (e.g. come across, fill in, go through, look after, look up to, put up with, take on) we don’t usually put the preposition at the beginning:
•Your essay is one of tho (which/that) I’ll go through tomorrow. (hrough which I’ll go tomorrow.)
•She is one of the few people (who/that) I look up to. (not ... to whom I look up.)
In formal written English, we often prefer to u of which rather than who to talk about things:
•A huge amount of oil was spilled, the effects of which are still being felt. (or...who effects are still being felt.)
•The end of the war, the anniversary of which is on the 16th of November, will be commemorated in cities throughout the country. (or...who anniversary ) Note that we can’t u of which in place of who in the patterns described in Unit 71B:
•Dorothy was able to switch between German, Polish and Russian, all of which she spoke fluently. (not..,all who )
We can sometimes f in place of of which. This is less formal than of which and who, and is mainly ud in spoken English:
•The school that she is head of is closing down. (or The school of which she )
Who can come after a preposition in attributive claus. However, it is more natural to put the preposition at the end in less formal contexts and in spoken English:
•We were grateful to Mr. Marks, in who car we had traveled home. (or...who car we had traveled home in.)
fso•I now turn to Freud, from who work the following quotation is taken. (or...who work the following quotation is taken from.)
IV. Closing down by doing exercis:
Join the ntence halves using which or whom after an appropriate preposition.
devastate(A)
a.I would never have finished the work. It was primarily written.
b.We know nothing.
c.They got a good view.
d.He learned how to play chess.网上授课平台哪个好
e.Dennis scored three goals in the final.
professor是什么意思f.She was born.
g.It was discovered.
1.They climbed up to the top of a large rock.
2. I would like to thank my tutor.
3. She has now moved back to the hou on Long Island.
4. The star is to be named after Patrick Jenks.
S. This is the ball.
6. He is now able to beat his father.
7. The book is enjoyed by adults as well as children.
8. There are still many things in our solar system.
Are the correct or appropriate? If they are, put a√. If they are not, give a reason, correct them and give alternatives if you can. (A)
I. It's a piece of jewelry across which I came in an antique shop. --- which
I came across in an antique shop. (‘came across’ is a two-word verb.)
2. The extra work which she took on was starting to affect her health.
3. My mother, after whom I looked for over 20 years, died last year.
4. The people whom I work with are all very friendly.
5. Some of the criticisms with which they had to put up were very unfair.
6. He had many friends with whom he had a regular correspondence.
