grandprixpackages海洋平台蒸气云爆炸计算方法及规律研究Study on Computational Method and Regularity of Vapor Cloud Explosion on
Offshore Platform
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学科专业：船舶与海洋工程
作者姓名：孔凡冬
指导教师：余建星教授
天津大学建筑工程学院
二零一八年十二月
商务英语口语
中文摘要
随着海洋油气资源开发的推进，海洋平台发生可燃性蒸气云爆炸灾害的危险逐渐显现，海洋工程安全生产提出了防控海上天然气爆炸的新要求，而明确蒸气云爆炸预测方法和影响规律是关键性问题。本文基于此研究了海洋平台可燃性蒸气云爆炸的预测计算方法以及关键因素的影响规律，为海洋平台蒸气云爆炸安全防控提供理论方法指导。
首先，研究了可燃性气体爆炸条件、爆炸模式、爆炸发展过程、爆炸破坏原理和破坏衡准等爆炸原理，分析了火焰速度、爆炸超压、超压时间历程曲线等关键指标参数。其次，研究了多种蒸气云爆炸预测计算方法，对以TNT当量法为代表的经验方法、以TNO多能法为代表的经验与模拟结合方法，以及以FLACS 为代表的CFD数值模拟方法三种蒸气云爆炸预测方法进行探索研究和对比分析，并分别针对相同爆炸工况开展分析计算。结果显示TNT当量法与蒸气云爆炸规律偏差较大，TNO多能法仅适用于初期保守定性预测，而且二者存在影响因素参数较少、爆炸后果指标单一、计算结果各向同性等问题，CFD数值模拟方法在这些方面具有明显优势。
为了研究海洋平台典型结构内部蒸气云爆炸规律，基于CFD方法建立蒸气云爆炸计算模型，选用国外MERGE项目的系列爆炸实验进行模型验证，取得了高度吻合的对比计算结果，验证了模型的有效性。
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最后，针对海洋平台典型结构形式，选取甲烷作为爆炸燃料，分析了蒸气云爆炸受多种因素影响的规律，对燃料浓度和结构排列方式两个关键因素深入研究。分别计算不同浓度、不同结构排列方式下的蒸气云爆炸关键指标，结果表明10%的燃料浓度是甲烷空气均匀混合气体的最大爆炸破坏浓度，蒸气云爆炸后果对于结构排列方式比较敏感，间隔均匀排列的结构障碍物造成的爆炸作用最大。获取了燃料浓度变化对蒸气云爆炸的影响规律曲线，总结了结构障碍物排列方式对海洋平台蒸气云爆炸的影响规律。
关键词：海洋平台，蒸气云爆炸，燃料浓度，障碍物排列，爆炸超压峰值
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ABSTRACT
Risk of flammable vapor cloud explosion on offshore platforms has gradually emerged with the development of offshore oil and gas resources. Safe production of offshore engineering has put forward new requirements for the prevention and control of explosion, while the prediction method and influence law of vapor cloud explosion is a key issue. Bad on this, this paper studies the computational and prediction method of flammable vapor cloud explosion on offshore platforms and the influence law of key factors, providing theoretical guidance for the safety prevention and control of vapor cloud explosion on offshore platforms.
Firstly, the explosion principles of flammable gas, as well as explosion conditions, explosion mode, explosion development process, explosion damage principle and damage criterion are studied, meanwhile, the key parameters such as flame speed, explosion overpressure and overpressure time history curve are analyzed. Secondly, three methods for predicting flammable vapor cloud explosion are explored and compared, which are TNT equivalent method, TNO multi-energy method and CFD numerical simulation method reprented by FLACS. Analysis and calculation are carried out under the same explosion conditions, suggesting that TNT equivalent method and vapor cloud explosion law deviate greatly, and TNO multi-energy method is only suitable for the initial conrvative qualitative prediction. They have the disadvantages such as fewer influencing factors, single index of explosion conquence and isotropy of calculation results, while CFD numerical simulation method has obvious advantages in the aspects.
科比追悼会主题In order to study the law of vapor cloud explosion in typical structures of offshore platforms, a model of vapor cloud explosion was established bad on CFD method, and a ries of explosion experiments of foreign MERGE projects were ud to verify the model. The highly consistent calculation results were obtained and the validity of the model was verified.
Finally, fuel concentration and structure arrangement are deeply studied by analyzing the influence o
bustedf vapor cloud explosion for the typical structure of offshore platforms where methane is lected as explosive fuel. The key indices of vapor cloud
explosion under different concentration and different structure arrangement are calculated respectively. Results show that the maximum explosion damage concentration of methane-air homogeneous mixture is 10%, the explosion effect of vapor cloud explosion is nsitive to the structure arrangement, and structural obstacles with uniform spacing leads to the most rious explosion effect. The influence curve of fuel concentration on gas explosion is obtained, and the law of arrangement of structural obstacles influencing on methane explosion is summarized.
countryroadKEY WORDS: Offshore platforms, Vapor cloud explosion, Explosion overpressure, Fuel concentration, Obstacle arrangement
