英语IVUnit1重点词汇
Unit One Detailed reading
Words and Expressions
1. (L 5) raw: adj. cold and wet; not cooked, refined, procesd, organized or analyzed
*The event took place on a raw February morning.
平安夜英文这块砧板是专门用来切生肉的。
（＝This cutting board is only ud to cut raw meat.）
*Raw materials are the natural substances from which industrial products are
made.
2. (L 7) launch: vt.
1) start
* Beginning in the early 1960s, humans launched probes to explore other planets.
这家电脑公司今年开始生产一种新产品。
（＝This computer company launches a new product this year.）
2) nd (sth.) on its cour
*On October 4, 1957, Soviet scientists launched the world’s first artificial satellite,
called Sputnik.
Collocation:
gallery是什么意思launch an attack 发动进攻
ttlement
launch a massive campaign 发动一场大规模的运动
launch a company 开一家公司
launch threats at sb. 向某人发出威胁
launch into （积极有力地）开始
* He launched into a long speech about the danger of taking drugs.
他开始作关于吸毒危险性的长篇演说。
launch out （精力充沛或戏剧性地）开始
* She wants to be more than a singer and is launching out into films.
她不是仅仅想当一名歌手，而且正在积极涉足电影界。
3. (L 10) campaign: n.a ries of military operations or planned activities with a
particular aim
（＝The government is launching a massive campaign against corruption.）
牛津阅读树在我们城市开展的灭鼠运动开端良好。
（＝The campaign against rats in our city got off to a good start.）
CF: campaign,battle &war我们身处的谎言世界
这三个词都是名词，均含有“战斗，战争”之意。
campaign通常指在一场大的战争中，某一地区进行的一连串有既定目的的军事行动，也可作引申用。
battle强调指战争中的一次较全面、时间较长的战斗，也指陆军或海军在某一特定地区进行的战斗，或个人之间的争斗。
war是战争的总称，一般指包括多个战役的大规模战争。
(Directions:) Fill in the blanks with the words above. Change the form where necessary.
1. Many _____ criminals were proceeded against following World War II. (=war)
2. The American presidential _____lasts for eighteen months. (=campaign)
3. It was a decisive ____ —we won the ___ becau of it. (=battle, war)
4. The Philippines had suffered grievously under the Japane occupation. A highly
effective guerilla ____ controlled sixty percent of the islands, mostly jungle and mountain areas. (=campaign)
4. (L 15) efficient: adj.working well, quickly and without waste
*To cut back on fossil fuels, we should build more efficient cars.
雇佣未受良好训练的工人效果是不会好的。
（＝It is not efficient to hire poorly trained workers. ）
5. (L 16) conquest: n.conquering,defeat单词查询
cb是什么意思 *Hitler badly miscalculated when he assumed the conquest of the USSR would be simple.
1939年德国征服了波兰。
（＝The year 1939 had witnesd the conquest of Poland by Germany.）
6. (L 21) retreat: v.move back or withdraw when faced with danger or difficulty
*After a fierce battle, the troops retreated southward.
我们采取如下策略：敌进我退，敌退我追。
（＝We adopted the following strategies: When the enemy advances, we retreat: when they retreat, we pursue.）
NB:retreat 的反义词是advance
例：to advance against (on, to, toward) 朝……前进
to retreat from 从…撤退
to retreat to 撤退到
7. (L 24) engage: vt.
1) begin fighting with sb.
*The commander ordered the soldiers to engage the enemy immediately.
他们与敌人交战。
（＝They engaged the enemy.）
2) draw into; involve
*We tried to engage him in our conversation, but in vain.
3) attract sb.’s interest
*We failed to engage any active support for our project.
他善良的性情吸引每个人。
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(=His good nature engages everyone.)
4) occupy
*Studying engages most of a rious student’s time.
工作占去她很多时间。
(=Work engages much of her time.)
Pattern：
engage (sb.) in sth. : (cau to) take part in sth.
* They are currently engaged in lengthy trade negotiations.popularcategories
* The teacher tried to engage the shy boy in conversation.
8. (L 27) be faced with: have to deal with
* The librarians were faced with the huge task of listing all the books.
(= We were faced with an exceptionally difficult situation.)
9. (L 27)crucial: adj. very important (followed by to)
*Amazingly, our soccer team won the victory in the crucial final game.
增强消费者信心是经济复苏的关键。
(=Improved consumer confidence is crucial to economic recovery.)dominant
10. (L 30) take a gamble: take a risk
* The company took a gamble by cutting the price of their products, and it paid off. （= I think she’s taking a gamble investing all her money in stocks.）
11. (L 30) press on/ahead: continue doing sth. in a determined way (ud in the pattern:
press on/ahead (with sth.))
*Our school authorities are keen to press on with educational reform.
*Organizers of the strike are determined to press on.
12. (L 39) bide one’s time: wait patiently for a chance
* His political rivals are biding their time for an attack on his policies.
