11-14-2013sound n 声音excitement n 激动，兴奋handsome adj Rolls-royce Benz n wheel n 轮子explosion n cour n 跑道；行程rival n 对手speed v 疾驶sped--sped downhill adv 下坡sound 1n 声音the sound of the wind 风声the sound of the a 大海的声音the sound of a car 汽车的声音the sound of music 音乐之声the sound of voices 说话的声音like the sound of one`s own voice 滔滔不绝的讲话（常指不想听别人说话，只听自己来说）sound-recording n 录音2v sound like 听起来像eg
That music sounds beautiful.那个音乐听起来很美。eg
That music sounds sad.那个音乐听起来很忧伤。eg
Your explanation sounds reasonable.你的解释听起来合情合理。3adj soundly adv sleep soundly 睡得很香很甜have a sound sleep 美美的睡了一觉excitement n [u]激动，兴奋cau excitement/arou excitement 引起激动excite v eg
His story excites me very much. 他的故事令我非常激动。eg
The scene would excite the hardest man to pity. 那个场面就算是最铁石心肠的人也会同情的。eg
His speech excited everyone prent to anger. 他的发言激怒了所有在场的人。excited adj 感到激动的主语是人an excited mob 激动的人群exciting adj 令人激动的主语是物an exciting moment 兴奋的时刻h
andsome 1adj (指男子）好看的，漂亮的，英俊的，相貌堂堂的2adj (指事物）美观的，漂亮的a handsome hor 一匹漂亮的马a handsome building 漂亮的建筑物--some 与名词或动词复合构成adj，描述人或物的特征或属性。quarrelsome adj 爱与人争吵的adj 令人讨厌的或惹人恼火的worrisome adj 令人担心的adj 惹麻烦的wheel n 1the wheels of a car 汽车的轮子2be behind wheel/ sit behind wheel 握着方向盘(在开车/开船）be at the wheel/ sit at the wheel 握着方向盘(在开车/开船）eg
Will you take the wheel ? 你来开车好吗？eg
America is a country on the wheel ? 美国是一个车轮上的国家。eg Australia is a country on the back of sheep.澳大利亚是一个羊背上的国家。
wheel chair 轮椅
stretcher 担架
Lesson 56Faster than sound New words and expressions 漂亮的，美观的听起来（感官动词，后面+adj 表达感觉）罗尔斯-罗伊斯（劳斯莱斯）奔驰爆炸，轰响使…兴奋，刺激(睡眠）酣睡的，香甜的(睡眠）酣睡地，香甜地bothersome/tiresome troublesome 车轮，轮子方向盘，舵轮（steering wheel)
walking-stick 拐杖，手杖explode v (使)爆炸，炸开explode a bomb 引爆一枚炸弹v (感情）迸发eg
At last his anger exploded. 终于他勃然大怒了。eg
The audience exploded
The audience exploded plosion n 爆炸（声），（愤怒，笑声等）爆发a bomb explosion 炸弹的爆炸eg
The explosion was heard a mile away. 爆炸在一英里之外都能听到。an explosion of laughter 哄堂大笑cour 1n the cour of history 历史的进程eg
2n 航线，路线，行程a southward cour 向南的路线eg
Our cour is directly north.我们的路线是超正北的。eg
Many cars broke down on the cour. 许多车在路上抛锚了。broke down 抛锚eg
The captain t a cour for New York. 船长启程去纽约了。3n an English cour 英语课程an art cour 艺术课程of cour/ certainly 当然了rival *'raivəl+n a business rival 商业对手a violinist without rivals 无与伦比的小提琴家rivals in love 情敌a rival company 同行（业）eg
粤语发音As a landscape painter, he is without rival.作为山水画家，无人可与他匹敌。eg
She has no rivals in this field.这个领域里面她没有对手。competitor n 竞争者opponent n contender *kən'tendə+n challenger n peer n (官阶，等级，地位或功绩）同等的人match n speed 1n at a speed of 50 kilometers an hour 以每小时50英里的速度at a very low speed 以很慢的速度at top speed/at full speed 以全速eg
More haste,less speed. 欲速则不达。越着急就越慢。2v speed up 加速eg
The fire engine sped along the street. 消防车急行过这条街道。（fire engine 消防车）eg Plenty of nourishment will speed your recovery. 多吃补品你就会恢复的快一些。
speeding n a speeding ticket 超速罚款单
a parking ticket 违章停车罚款单
downhill 下坡uphill 上坡
down--表方向性
downriver 顺流而下upriver 逆流而上
downstream 顺流而下
upstream 逆流而上downwards 朝下upwards 朝上
eg
The fireworks exploded in his hand. 爆竹在他手里爆炸了。（烟火爆炸是主谓结构，在这里没有宾语。Explode 在这里做不及物动词） 观众哄然大笑课程，课题，讲座进程，过程The cour of learning English is bitter(mirable), but the result is exciting. 学习英语的过程是痛苦的（悲惨的），但结果是令人惊喜的。对手，对方，敌手竞争者挑战者对手，竞争者(使)急行，促进speed--sped--sped 超速行驶
对手，匹敌者速度
downwind 顺风upwind 逆风
downstairs 下楼upstairs 上楼
go downhill 恶化，每况愈下
Key Structures 11eg eg 2eg What a lot pernts!多么多的礼物呀！在感叹句中，a lot of 修饰prent 的复数名词。
eg I saw quite a lot of her during the holidays. 假期中我见过她很多次。
eg lot of 和lots of 含义是一致的，口语中多用lots of
3many 许多
a great many 许多
a good many 许多
a great number of 许多
a large number of 许多
few 几乎没有
a few 有一些
用于修饰不可数名词的限定词有：
much 许多，大量
a great deal of 许多，大量
a good deal of 许多，大量
little 几乎没有
a little 有一些
a large amount of 许多，大量
在线防疫即可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的限定词有：
a lot of 许多，大量
inpeacelots of 许多，大量
plenty of 许多，大量adorable
a large quantity of 许多，大量
large quantities of 许多，大量
a great deal of excitement 许多的兴奋 excitement 是不可数名词
a great deal of pleasure 大量的乐趣
many of the cars 许多的汽车，many 是代词blister
many cars 许多汽车，many 是限定词
a great many loud explosions 许多的轰鸣声，explosion 是可数名词，用great many 修饰
表示对比关系
the same as, 和…一样
be different from 不同，不同于
eg My jacket is the same as yours. 我的夹克和你的事一样的。相当于my jacket is like yours.
eg My jacket is different from yours.我的夹克和你的不一样。相当于my jacket isn`t like yours.
Text
Once a year,a race is held for old cars. （held 是hold 的过去分词）be held, 被召开，被举行
once a year，每年一次，一年一次
once a week ，一星期一次
once a month ，
一个月一次once(一次)---twice(两次)---three times(三次）---four times(四次）
eg There aren`t many(限定词) apples,but you can pick a few. 苹果不多了，但是你可以摘一些。其中，many 及a
few 修饰可数名词apple 的复数。Many 表示许多，a few 表示一些。
There isn`t much(pron.) I can do to help him.
我帮不了他多少忙。Much 指代一个不可数的东西，much 在这里做代词。
表“许多”还可以用 a lot of，可修饰[c],[u]，常用于肯定句中。
many 以及much 的用法
many 与much 既可用作限定词，又可以用作代词；many 修饰可数名词，much 修饰不可数名词
eg There isn`t much(限定词)whisky, but you can have a little. 威士忌酒不多了，但是你可以喝一点。 Whisky 是不可数名词，用much 以及 a little 修饰。Much 表示许多， a little 表示有一些。
Many(pron.) of our products are sold overas.
我们的许多产品销到了海外。Many 指代可数名词，在这里做代词用。
用于修饰可数名词的限定词有：
There was lots of money in the safe.保险柜中没有很多钱。Safe 做名词，是保险柜的意思。 Lots of
修饰不可数名词money
apointonce or twice 一两次
once 曾经
eg We once lived in San Francisco. 我们曾经住在旧金山。
A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began.单身贵族英文
enter for 参加（比赛，考试）
join in 参加
take part in 参加
handsome adj （指男子）好看的，漂亮的，英俊的，相貌堂堂的eg
He is a very handsome young man. 他是一个非常清秀的年轻人。pretty/beautiful adj （指妇女或儿童）很漂亮的eg good-looking adj 好看的（复合词），即可以修饰女子，也可以修饰男子
eg one of +(pl.)n. …之一
The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels.
the most unusual 最不寻常的
Built in 1885,it was the oldest car taking part.
…taking part 现在分词短语作定语修饰car
take part 参加
take part in+(宾语）
参加…比赛，同意短语有，join in/ enter for eg The professor took no small part in thedispute. 在那次争论中，这位教授参与不少。
take place （必要事件）发生
be held 被召开，举行
occur/happen （偶然事件）发生
eg The next race will take place in a year`s time. 下次比赛一年以后举行。
After a great many loud explosions, the race began.一阵轰鸣之后，比赛开始了。
教师座谈会发言稿a great many +（pl.)
许多，大量。修饰复数名词break down, 抛锚，出故障eg
The telephone system has broken down. 电话系统出故障了。eg
We broken down on the motorway. 我们在高速公路上抛锚了。break v 休息eg Give me a break! 够了！住嘴！
without a break 好不休息地
同义词 brake [breik]n 刹车，闸
put on the brakes 踩刹车
spend v 花（钱，时间，精力）于…
spend sth on+n …把（时间，金钱，精力）花在…上
eg He spent all his saving on a new car.他把所有的积蓄花光买了一辆新车。
eg He spent 50 dollars at the supermarket.在超市里面，他花了50美元。
spend…(in) doing sth 花(时间/金钱）做...；度过
eg I spent a month in Switzerland last summer. 去年夏天我在瑞士待了一个月。
eg How did you spend your summer vacation? 你的暑假时怎么度过的？
eg
I spent it (in) reading and fishing. 我看书和钓鱼了。
excitement 是不可数名词，用great deal 修饰
The most unusual car was a Ben ，是一辆什么样的Benz 呢？which had only three wheels
定语从句(只有三个轮子），修饰Benz.
built in 1885, 过去分词短语做状语，表示原因。相当于as it was built in 1885
（因为他建造于1885年）.可以还原成一个原因状语从句。
One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. 最漂亮的汽车之一是劳斯莱斯银铃系列的车She ud to be very pretty as a child. She is now a beautiful woman.
孩提时代她很漂亮，现在她是一个漂亮的女子了。
She is a very good-looking girl, and her boy friend`s good-looking too.
她是个好看的女孩子，她的男朋友也很好看。
some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them! 一些司机花在车下面
的时间比在车里的时间还要多。under 和in 在文中表示强烈的对比，有讽刺意味，要重读。Many of the cars broke down on the cou and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them!
however 在中间做插入语.
of forty miles an hour 后置定语，修饰speed.
reach vt 到达，达到，达成，伸出手；拿到
eg We will reach Beijing tonight. 我们今晚将到达北京。Reach 是及物动词，后边直接加地点。
eg He reached the end of the novel. 他读完这本小说了。
eg I can`t reach the shelf.我够不到那个架子。
arrive vi
at, arrive in/arrive at
eg much faster than any of its rivals.much 修饰比较级faster ，表示快的多，表程度的
much hotter 热的多
much more expensive 远远贵的多
much slower 慢的多
eg She is much better today. 她今天好多了。
much 也能修饰最高级
eg eg My favorite is usually much the most expensive.我最喜爱的通常是最贵的。
much faster than any of its rivals. any 做代词，表示任何一个，用于肯定句。
eg I think any of his movies would interest you. 我想他的任何一部电影都会让你感兴趣的。
eg Any of you can apply for the job. 任何一个人都可以申请这份工作。
It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it.
at the end of 在…结束时，在…的尽头
at the begining of 在…开始时，在…的开头
in the end ，
最后，终于= at last by the end of…在…结束之前= before the end of…
have trouble in doing sth 做…有困难
eg He has no trouble in operating the new machine.他操作这台新机器毫无困难。
pleasure 是不可数名词，用great deal of 修饰
was different from 与…大不相同
not less…than 不亚于，不少于
eg no less…than 与…一样，不比…差（强调比较双方程度都很高）procurement
eg no less than …以上，至少…，相当于 at least 用法
no more than …以下，充其量，至多…，相当于 at most 用法
eg Exercis
1 A lot of cars entered for this rece. There were lots of cars in it.
A much 许多，只能修饰不可数名词
B lot of 不是争取的表达方式，应该是a lot of 或者是lots of
C lots of 相当于题干中的 a lot of 用法
D planty 充足，plenty of 是一个短语“足够的”，可修饰可数名词及不可数名词
A It built 意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子
tyrannosaurusB Built 意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子
C It was built
D Having built 意义不完整，不能构成一个独立的句子A few cars,however,complete the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals.
必须用介词in 或at，城市，国家，省份等大地方用in，车站，港口，机场村庄等小地方
2It was built in 1885, so it was the oldest car in the race. 这是一个用连词"so"连接，表示结果的并列句。因此前半句就应该是一个有主谓结构的句子。
She is not less charming than her daughter. 她的魅力不亚于她的女儿。 这句话暗含Her daught may not be very
charming.可能她的女儿不是很有魅力。
He has no less than 200 dollars. 他至少有200美元。
That was much the best meal I`ve ever tasted. 那是我吃过最好的一餐了。Best 表示最好的，用much 起强调作用。The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less excoting.We arrived in New York yesterday. We arrived at the station in good time. 我们们昨天到达纽约，并赶到了车站。
A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.海豚和狗一样都是很聪明的动物.（这里表示both are
clever，都很聪明）
