英语语法系列讲座之三——句子结构及复合句
第一篇：英语语法系列讲座之三——句子结构及复合句
学会承受语法系列讲座之三
句子结构及复合句
一、句子结构
良夜
英语的句子分为三种：简单句、并列句和复合句，其中并列句和复合句又是由若干个简单句所组成的。
简单句：The train arrives.The a had become calm again.并列句：They must stay in water, or they will die.It is not cheap, but it is very good.复合句：The office that deals with passports is upstairs.When he woke up, the a had become calm again.简单句的基本结构有五种： 1.主语＋谓语 Things change.2.主语＋连系动词＋表语 Trees are green.3.主语＋谓语＋宾语建造师
My sister will fix everything.4.主语＋谓语＋直接宾语/间接宾语 He bought his wife a ring.5.主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾补 I found the book easy.其他的各种句子结构都是由这五种句型转换、缩略或扩展而成。由于表达意义的复杂化，句子与句子之间衔接照应，修辞的使用和语言省略的原则等使得原本很简单的这五种句子的基本结构在实际的使用中呈现了复杂化、多样化的趋势，因此常常造成了阅读的障碍。
二、复合句
由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。由于在句中的作用不同，从句大体上可分为三种：名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句。I、名词性从句
1．主语从句
（1）结构：主语（一个句子）＋谓语＋…如： That the earth goes round the sun is known to us all.Whether he will come or not isn’t clear.What he said at the meeting is very important.How this happened is still a question.Who will win the game is clear.（2）It is/was +形容词/过去分词/名词＋主语从句。如： It’s interesting that you should like the
book.It’s a pity that we can’t go there with you now.It is not decided when the match will begin.（3）主语从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： Where they have gone is not known yet.（4）That 引导主语从句时一般不可以省略。如： That he was elected monitor made us satisfied.（5）“是否”引导主语从句用“whether”，而不用“if”。如： Whether he will join us or not doesn’t make any difference.2．宾语从句
（1）结构：主语＋谓语（及物动词）＋从句（宾语从句）如： I think that he is quite right to go there so early.Who can tell me when he left the school?（2）…＋介词＋从句（宾语从句）。如：
Can you say something about how we can solve the problem? Pay more attention to what I am saying.（3）主语＋谓语（find, made, consider等）＋it +形容词＋宾语从句。如： He found it important that he should study the situation in the United States.I consider it necessary that we often u spoken English.（4）主语＋be sure(glad, certain, afraid, happy 等)＋宾语从句。如： I’m sure that they will watch the football match.I’m afraid that he won’t come this evening.注意：that 引导宾语从句时在句中不作任何成分，一般可以省略。
3．表语从句
（1）结构：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。如：
The question is who can solve such a difficult problem.It looks as if it’s going to rain.That’s what she is worrying about.（2）句型：The reason why/for which…is that…“…的原因是因为…”，这里的that不能用becau替代。如：
The reason why he was late was that he misd the bus.The reason for which she didn’t come was that she was ill.4．同位语从句
同位语从句放在名词后用来说明该名词的具体内容，这种名词主要包括：news, fact, idea, view, promi, thought, truth等。如：
The news that their team has won the basketball match surprid everyone.The truth that he was badly injured made us very sad.II.定语从句
定语从句是一个句子作定语，修饰名词或代词，放在所修饰的词后。被修饰的词叫先行词，
引导从句并在从句中充当一定句子成分的词叫引导词。引导词主要有：that, which, who, whom, who, when, where, why等。III.状语从句
状语从句主要有以下几种：（1）以when, as, while, whenever, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as, hardly…when, no sooner…than, the moment/cond that等引导的时间状语从句。
新东方英语杂志
（2）以if, unless, once, as/so long as等引导的条件状语从句。（3）以where, wherever 等引导的地点状语从句。（4）（5）以becau, since, as, for等引导的原因状语从句。
以though, although, ever if/though, no matter how(what, when…)等引导的让步状语从句。
（6）以so that, so/such… that等引导的结果状语从句。（7）以in order that, so that等引导的目的状语从句。（8）以(just)as, as if/though等引导的方式状语从句。
nior是什么意思（9）以than, as…as, not so(as)…as等引导的比较状语从句。
Exerci
1.Plea speak louder _____ we can hear more clearly.a.for
b.becau c.as
d.so that 2.I won’t go to bed _____ I’ve finished my homework.a.while
b.where c.when
d.until 3._____ she was very tired, she went on working without any rest.a.For
b.Though c.As
要求加薪
d.Since 4.Difficulties are nothing _____ you are not afraid of them.a.for
b.as c.if
d.whether 5.The building _____ face the south is our college lab.a.who doors
b.the door of whom c.which doors
新gre题型
d.the door of which 6.The ship was sailing in the a, in the middle of _____ stood an island.a.it
b.which c.that
d.this 7.Can you tell me the name of the factory _____ you visited last week? a.what
b.where c.then
d./ 8.Let’s discuss the questions _____ we are interested in.a.which
b.as c.about which
d.tho 9.It ems _____ he has never met the woman.a.that
b.how c.whether
99宿舍网四六级成绩d.why 10._____ the boy didn’t take medicine made his mother angry.a.That
b.What c.How
d.Which 11.They have no idea at all _____.a.where he has gone
b.where did he go c.which place had he gone
d.where has he gone 12.The reason why he is not here is _____ he is ill in bed now.a.that
b.what c.how
d.why 13.This book is for the students _____ native language is not English.a.that
b.which c.who
d.of which 14.Did you tell your mother all _____ you had en on your way home? a.that
think greatb.what c.why
d.how 15.I’ll leave him a note _____ he’ll know where we are.a.so that
b.now that c.that
d.in order 16._____ we will go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.a.Ifstayhungry
