Chapter 4：Syntax
I. Decide whether each of the following statements is True or Fal:
1. Syntax is a subfield of linguistics that studies the ntence structure of language, including the combination of morphemes into words.
2.Grammatical ntences are formed following a t of syntactic rules.
3. Sentences are compod of quence of words arranged in a simple linear order, with one adding onto another following a simple arithmetic logic.
4.Universally found in the grammars of all human languages, syntactic rules that compri the system of internalized linguistic knowledge of a language speaker are known as linguistic competence.
5. The syntactic rules of any language are finite in number, but there is no limit to the number of ntences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.
danny6. In a complex ntence, the two claus hold unequal status, one subordinating the other.
7. Constituents that can be substituted for one another without loss of grammaticality belong to the same syntactic category.
8. Minor lexical categories are open becau the categories are not fixed and new members are allowed for.
9. In English syntactic analysis, four phrasal categories are commonly recognized and discusd, namely, noun phra, verb phra, infinitive phra, and auxiliary phra.
10. In English the subject usually precedes the verb and the direct object usually follows the verb.
11.What is actually internalized in the mind of a native speaker is a complete list of words and phras rather than grammatical knowledge.
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12. A noun phra must contain a noun, but other elements are optional.
13. It is believed that phra structure rules, with the inrtion of the lexicon, generate ntences at the level of D-structure.
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百度翻译英语14. WH-movement is obligatory in English which changes a ntence from affirmative to interrogative.
II. Fill in each of the following blanks with one word which begins with the letter given:
15. A s________ ntence consists of a single clau which contains a sub-ject and a predicate and stands alone as its own ntence.
16. A s______ is a structurally independent unit that usually compris a number of words to form a complete statement, question or command.
17. A s______ may be a noun or a noun phra in a ntence that usually precedes the predicate.
18. The part of a ntence which compris a finite verb or a verb phra and which says something about the subject is grammatically called p_________.
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19. A c_________ ntence contains two, or more, claus, one of which is incorporated into the other.
20. In the complex ntence, the incorporated or subordinate clau is normally called an e_______ clau.
21. Major lexical categories are o___ categories in the n that new words are constantly added.
22. A _____ Condition on ca assignment states that a ca assignor and a ca recipient should stay adjacent to each other.
23. P_______ are syntactic options of UG that allow general principles to operate in one way or another and contribute to significant linguistic variations between and among natural languages.
24. The theory of C_____condition explains the fact that noun phras appear only in subject and object positions.
III. There are four given choices for each statement below. Mark the choice that can best complete the statement:
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25. A ntence is considered ____ when it does not conform to the grammati-cal knowledge in the mind of native speakers.
A. right B. wrong
C. grammatical D. ungrammatical 颜色搭配 英文
26. A __________ in the embedded clau refers to the introductory word that introduces the embedded clau.
A. coordinator B. particle C. preposition D. subordinator
27. Phra structure rules have ____ properties.
A. recursive B. grammatical
C. social D. functional
28. Phra structure rules allow us to better understand _____________.
A. how words and phras form ntences.
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B. what constitutes the grammaticality of strings of words
C. how people produce and recognize possible ntences
D. All of the above. officially>great way
29. Syntactic movement is dictated by rules traditionally called ________.
