律师基本技能(中英文对照)
Fundamental lawyering skills
知识与技能有别。知识靠学习，技能靠训练。作为律师，依靠基本技能，将知识与经验应用于特定的客户服务之中。律师到底需要哪些基本技能，各有定论。以下是阿里邦邦从互联网分别搜索到英文与中文版本，现重新排版成中英文对照，方便阅读与交流。
英文来源：/legaled/publications/onlinepubs/maccrate.html；
中文来源：/blog_list.asp?id=6283
Skill 1:
In order to develop and evaluate strategies for solving a problem or accomplishing an objective, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了制定和评估解决问题的策略，或者实现某个目标，律师应当熟悉下列活动所涉及的技能和概念：
1.1 Identifying and Diagnosing the Problem;
识别和诊断出问题；
1.2 Generating Alternative Solutions and Strategies;
制定出替代性的解决方案和策略；
1.3 Developing a Plan of Action;
制定一个行动计划；
缺席英语
1.4 Implementing the Plan;
贯彻该计划；
1.5 Keeping the Planning Process Open to New Information and New Ideas.
在该计划的贯彻过程中吸纳新的信息和新的理念；
Skill 2:
In order to analyze and apply legal rules and principles, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了分析和适用法律规则和原则，律师应当熟悉下列活动所涉及的技能和概念：
2.1 Identifying and Formulating Legal Issues;
识别和归纳出法律问题；
2.2 Formulating Relevant Legal Theories;
归纳出相关的法律理论；
2.3 Elaborating Legal Theory;
深化法律理论；
2.4 Evaluating Legal Theory;
评估法律理论；
2.5 Criticizing and Synthesizing Legal Argumentation.
批评和综合法律观点。
Skill 3:
In order to identify legal issues and to rearch them thoroughly and efficiently, a lawyer should have:
为了识别法律问题并彻底、有效地研究这些问题，律师应当：
3.1 Knowledge of the Nature of Legal Rules and Institutions;
具有关于法律规则和机构的性质的知识；
3.2 Knowledge of and Ability to U the Most Fundamental Tools of Legal Rearch;
具有使用最基本的法律研究工具的知识和能力；
3.3 Understanding of the Process of Devising and Implementing a Coherent and Effective Rearch Design.
理解设计和贯彻连贯、有效的研究设计的程序。
Skill 4:
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In order to plan, direct, and (where applicable) participate in factual investigation, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了策划、指挥和（在需要的情况下badai
）参与事实调查，律师应当熟悉以下活动所涉及的技能和概念：
4.1 Determining the Need for Factual Investigation;
确定事实调查的需要；
4.2 Planning a Factual Investigation;
策划事实调查；
4.3 Implementing the Investigative Strategy;
贯彻调查策略；
4.4 Memorializing and Organizing Information in an Accessible Form;
以一种可以了解的形式记忆和组织信息；
4.5 Deciding Whether to Conclude the Process of Fact-Gathering;
决定是否终止事实收集程序；
4.6 Evaluating the Information That Has Been Gathered.
评估已经收集到的信息。
Skill 5:
In order to communicate effectively, whether orally or in writing, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了有效地进行交流，无论是口头交流还是书面交流，律师应当熟悉下列活动所涉及的技能和概念：
5.1 Asssing the Perspective of the Recipient of the Communication;
评估交流受众的观点；
5.2 Using Effective Methods of Communication.
使用有效的交流方法。javascript是什么意思
Skill 6:
In order to counl clients about decisions or cours of action, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了就决定或者行动向委托人提供咨询，律师应当熟悉下列活动所涉及的技能和概念：
6.1 Establishing a Counling Relationship That Respects the Nature and Bounds of a Lawyer's Role;niorhigh
根据律师作用的性质和范围确立咨询关系；
6.2 Gathering Information Relevant to the Decision to Be Made;
收集与所作决策有关的信息；
6.3 Analyzing the Decision to Be Made;
就所要作的决策进行分析；
6.4 Counling the Client About the Decision to Be Made;
就所要作的决策向委托人提供咨询；
6.5 Ascertaining and Implementing the Client's Decision.
明确并贯彻委托人的决策。
Skill 7:
In order to negotiate in either a dispute-resolution or transactional context, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts involved in:
为了在争端解决及交易事项中进行谈判，律师应当熟悉下列活动所涉及的技能和概念：
7.1 Preparing for Negotiation;
谈判准备
7.2 Conducting a Negotiation Session;
ovc进行谈判
7.3 Counling the Client About the Terms Obtained From the Other Side in the Negotiation and Implementing the Client's Decision.
就谈判中从对方获得的条件同委托人磋商并贯彻委托人的决定。
Skill 8:
In order to employ-or to advi a client about-the options of litigation and alternative dispute resolution, a lawyer should understand the potential functions and conquences of the process and should have a working kno
wledge of the fundamentals of:
为了运用（或者建议委托人运用）诉讼还是非诉讼争端解决程序，律师应当理解这些程序的潜在功能和后果，应当对下列事项的基本情况有有效的认识：
tomy8.1 Litigation at the Trial-Court Level;
初审法院的诉讼；
8.2 Litigation at the Appellate Level;
上诉审法院的诉讼；
8.3 Advocacy in Administrative and Executive Forums;
行政裁决活动中的辩护；
8.4 Proceedings in Other Dispute-Resolution Forums.
其他争端解决活动的程序。
Skill 9:
In order to practice effectively, a lawyer should be familiar with the skills and concepts required for efficient management, including:
为了有效地执业，律师应当熟悉有效管理所必需的技能和概念，包括：
9.1 Formulating Goals and Principles for Effective Practice Management;
为有效的执业管理制定目标和原则；
英语培训班品牌加盟9.2 Developing Systems and Procedures to Ensure that Time, Effort, and Resources Are Allocated Efficiently;
制定制度和程序，以保证时间、努力和资源能够得到有效的配置；
grivel9.3 Developing Systems and Procedures to Ensure that Work is Performed and Completed at the Appropriate Time;
制定制度和程序，以保证工作是在适当的时间内执行和完成的；
9.4 Developing Systems and Procedures for Effectively Working with Other People;
制定制度和程序，以保证与他人一起有效地工作；
9.5 Developing Systems and Procedures for Efficiently Administering a Law Office.
制定制度和程序，以保证律师事务所的有效管理；
Skill 10:
In order to reprent a client consistently with applicable ethical standards, a lawyer should be famili呵组词
ar with:
为了在代理委托人时遵守现行的道德标准，律师应当熟悉下列事项：
10.1 The Nature and Sources of Ethical Standards;
道德标准的性质和渊源；
10.2 The Means by Which Ethical Standards are Enforced;
执行道德标准的方式；
10.3 The Process for Recognizing and Resolving Ethical Dilemmas.
认识和解决道德上的两难问题的程序。
