非谓语动词复习要点（人教版高三英语下册教学论文）
非谓语动词复习要点
一、 不定式的用法小结：
1、 在句中所担当的句子成分：主语、表语、宾语（动词后的宾语和介词后的宾语）、定语、补语（尤其是不带to的动词原形）、状语
2、 不定式在句中担当各成分时的难点及重点
⑴在句中作主语：here to stay
①在It is adj. for sb. to do sth. 和 It is adj. of sb. to do sth. 句型中。
在前一句型中形容词是表示事物特征的客观性形容词。如：difficult, hard, easy, necessary, rare, possible, important, dangerous 等。在后一句型中，形容词是表示人的品质特征的主观性形容词。如：kind, careful, nice, polite, honest, clever, foolish, wi, lazy等。常可以把这类句型进行改变，因为逻辑主语既是不定式的主语，又与句子的形容词存在着主表关系。
e.g. It is kind of you to come to e me = you are kind to come to e me.
②有三个形容词good, wrong, right 的逻辑主语既可以用of 又可以用for, 但表达的意义不同。
e.g. It is good for you to talk a walk after super. (good 为“对……有好处，益处”)
It is good of you to be always ready to help others. ( good 为“善心，好意)
⑵在句中作宾语：
① 只接不定式的动词：agree, fail, arrange, decide, hope, expect, refu, manage, promi, pretend, wish, afford, attempt, plan 等。
② 不定式可用在介词but, except, besides, than之后做宾语。在but, except, besides 前有行为动词do时，跟不带to的动词不定式；无行为动词do时，带to的不定式，但在than之后的不定式常无to。
e.g. I have no choice but/except to accept the fact.
Little Tom had nothing to do except wander about in the street.
What do you like to do besides swim.
They thought that there was no way out than climb the cliff.
barnyard他们认为除爬悬崖之外无路可出。
③ 不定式在下列动词后常作真正宾语：
make/find/feel/consider/think/believe +it +adj./n.+ to do sth.
⑶在句中作定语：
① 名词受the last, the very, the only, 序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时， 一定用不定式做后置定语。 e.g. He is always the first person to come.
② 在名词之后做定语表动作时，用不定式。这些名词有：effort, failure, promi, desire, attempt 。
e.g. Plea make an effort to arrive early.
They had little desire to get rich.
His failure to enter the college made him quite disappointed.
③ 不定式作定语用主动表被动的情况：
Ⅰ.不定式的逻辑主语是主句的主语和宾语，名词与不定式之间又存在动宾关系，常用不定式的主动表被动。
e.g. I have a lot of work to do./ I’ll give you something to read.
Ⅱ.在某些形容词之后的状语，又与主语是动宾关系，用不定式的主动表被动。这些形容词有：heavy, light, hard/difficult, easy, fit, convenient, comfortable, good, dangerous, safe.
e.g. The question is easy to answer.
The room is comfortable to live in.
Ⅲ. 在there be 句型中，不定式的主动和被动都可以，意义基本一致。
lady gaga什么意思There is a lot of work to do/ to be done.koh i noor
multimeter但：There is nothing to do. (译为：没事可做)
There is nothing to be done. (译为：没有办法)
⑷不定式在句中作宾补的情况：
① 跟不定式作宾补的动词：get, ask, tell, allow, permit, want, force, invite, persuade, advi, order, cau, encourage, forbid, wish, drive等。生日快乐用英语怎么说
② 不带to 的动词不定式作宾补的动词：五看两听一感觉，外加三个使役词。如：e, watch, obrve, notice, look at, hear, listen to, feel, let, make, have。而help是可有可无to 的动词。
二、 动名词：
1、 在句中的作用：主语、表语、宾语、定语
2、 动名词在句中担当各成分时的难点及重点：
⑴用动名词作主语的句型：
It’s no good/ no u doing sth..
There is no doing…. (……是不行的，做……是不可能的)
It’s worthwhile doing sth. (做……是值得的)
e.g. There is no joking about their belief. 拿他们的信仰来开玩笑是不行的。
It’s worthwhile taking the trouble to explain a job fully to new employees.
给新雇员详细解释一下工作要求，费点事也是值得的。
⑵动名词在句中作宾语：
① 作介词的宾语
② 只接动名词作宾语的动词：enjoy, finish, mind, miss, suggest, advi, appreciate, avoid, imagine, admit, consider, delay, practi, forbid, deny, allow, permit, require, risk, excu, prevent, complete, resist(抵抗)
③ 只接动名词的短语动词：give up, feel like, be worth, be/become/get ud to, lead to, look forward to, object to, stick to, be fond of, pay attention to, be engaged in, put off, keep on, prevent/ keep/ stop…from, t about, can’t stand, get through(完成)等。
④ 在可省略的介词in 之后做宾语：
have difficulty/ trouble/ problem/ fun/ pleasure (in) doing sth.
互译have a good time/ a hard time (in) doing sth.
spend/waste time/ money (in) doing sth.
be busy (in) doing sth.
There is no u/ no harm/ no hurry/ no point (in) doing sth.
There is no harm in staying up a little later.
worldpeace⑶动名词的复合结构在句中的使用：
有时为了说明动名词的动作是由谁来执行的，通常用名词的所有格或形容词性的物主代词来做动名词的逻辑主语。在口语中，动名词复合结构的逻辑主语也可以用宾格或普通格来做。 如：
Their coming to help us was a great encouragement.
The mother’s worry is her son’s going to bed too late.
Do you mind me opening the door?
但在以下几种情况通常用普通格来做逻辑主语：
① 逻辑主语是无生命的名词时，如：Is there any hope of your team winning the game?
② 逻辑主语是不定代词，指示代词时，如：
old woman
Last night he was waked by someone knocking at the door.
③ 逻辑主语是两个或两个以上的单位时：
I still remember you and your father coming to e me many years ago.
三、 分词：
livejournal１、分词在句中的作用：表语、定语、状语、补语。
２、分词在句中作表语
现在分词在句中作表语，表示主语的性质与特征，它相当于一个形容词的作用。过去分词在句中作表语，表示主语所处的状态或已完成动作的状态。
e.g. The film is interesting / moving.
He is well educated.
75% of the surface of the earth is covered with water.
