摘要
恭维赞赏语是一种积极的言语行为,是社会的“润滑剂”。作为一种普遍的现象,恭维赞赏语在人与人之间的交际与交流中起着重要的作用。它能够表达人与人之间的友谊,能够增进人与人之间的和谐关系。它不仅仅是语言形式而且也代表着一种文化。以前人们对其研究也表明这一言语行为事实上极其复杂,特别是就语言,社会和文化方面来分析研究。
本文对汉语和英语中恭维赞赏语的使用从形式,话题,应答以及社会功能方面进行对比分析,探索这两种文化背景下的恭维赞赏语的相似性及差异性,重点对其差异性进行对比分析。分析两部作品,一部是中国著名作家老舍的话剧《茶馆》,另一部是英国作家简-奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》。前者代表旧中国的文化,后者代表18世纪末19世纪初的英国文化。目的在于帮助学习者得体地运用恭维赞赏语,减少语用失误。
我们的研究发现假定:中英恭维赞赏语之间存在相似性和差异性。它们受各自文化,思想以及历史的影响。如果来自一种文化的人们把他们自己的恭维赞赏语的原则及标准应用于来宦L另一种文化的人们,那么或许就会发生跨文化交际的障碍甚至失误。
最后,随着社会的发展以及全球化的趋势,恭维赞赏语也将发生变化。
关键词:恭维赞赏语对比研究跨文化交际
Abstract
Complimentsarepositivespeechactsthatexpressfriendshipandincreaserapportamongpeople.Asauniversalphenomenon,complimentsplayaverykeyroleincommunication.Risnotonlylanguage-specific,butalsocuhure—specific.Thepreviousstudiesofcomplimentshaveshownthatthisspeechactsetisactuallymorecomplicatedandrevealingthanitappears,intermsoftherelationbetweenlanguage,societyandculture.
ThispaperisacontrastivestudyontheuseofcomplimentsinEnglishandinChinese。ThepaperpresentsthesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenEnglishandChinesecomplimentsfromthefollowingaspects:complimenttopics,formulae,respo瑶sesandfunctions。Icomparedtwogreatliterary
october是什么意思
works.OneistheChinesefamouswriterLaoShe’SdramaTeahouseandthe
国家汉办-
otheristheEnglishnovelistJaneAusten’SPrid≯andPrejudice。TheformerrepresentsthecultureofoldChinesesocietyandthelatterrepresentsthecuRureof19。centuryEnglishsOcicty.Therefore,inthispaper'weareattemptingadeeperstudyandresearchfromcross-culturalperspectiveonthissubject.
Allthefindingsarerelatedtotheassumptionthattherearesimilaritiesanddifferencesbetweenthetwocultures。Theyaleinfluencedbytheirrespectivecultures,though穗andhistories.Thebreakdownsofcross—culturalcommunicationmayoccurifpeoplehornonecultureimposetheirownprinciplesandcri
teriaofcomplimentsonthepeoplefromanotherculture.Finally,complimentswillchangewiththedevelopmentofthesocietyandglobalization
Keywords:compliments;contrastivestudy;cross—culturalcommunication
2
ChapterOne:Introduction
Since.thelatet960s,一somepragmatistsandsociologistshavefocused
onthestudyofspeechacttheories.Thestudiesoncertainspeechacts(suchasApology,Request】Compliments,RefusalandComplaint)demonstratethatwhenweperformsomecertainspeechacts,thesocialandsituationalfactorswillhaveinfluencesontheuse
ofthespeechacts.In1970’ssomelinguistsfr细er,1974;Wolfson,1976;Pomerantz,1978)begantheirstudiesoncompliments.Since1980’sthestudyofcomplimentshave
proceededextensivel);Sotheresearch@complimentsislargelytracedbacktotheworkofNessaWolfsonandJoanManes,whichprovidedthe
党的奉献精神fkstcomprehensivedescriptionoftheformutaicityofcomplimentsinAmericanEnglish。Manyscholarsstudiedcomplimentsfromdifferentaspects.Somelinguistsmadecross-culturalresearchesoncompliments,
includingWolfson(198I),Herbert(1989),Daikuara(1989),andNelsonandGayte(1993;t996),Comparedwiththestudiesabroad,the如mesticstudiesofcom
dbscanplimentsstartedratherlate.TherearefewerpapersontheChineseandEnglishcomplimentsfromthecross—culturalperspectives。Moreover,theyonlypresentedgeneralcomparisonthrou曲open-endedquestionnaireormultiple-choicequestionnaire.Sothestudyisnotcomprehensive.Complimentsarepositivespeechactsthata臻usedieexpressfriendshipandincreaserapportamongpeople.Payingappropriatecomplimentsandidenti磬ingthemaccuratelyisanaspectofcommunicativecompetence,whichmaydifferinavarietyofwaysfromoaccuRuretoanother(Holmes,1987)。Thismeanscomplimentsexpresscertaincukuratvaluesmoreorlessexplicitly.
Therefore,thepresentstudyexploressomecomrnonpropertiesOf
andinChineseandinvestigatesthedifferencescom
plimentsbothinEnglish
intheirlinguisticroutinesanduses.Weconductacontrastivestudyofcomplimentsinthetwolanguages.Thepurposeisthree—folded:(1)todiscoversimilaritiesanddifferencesofcomplimentsbetweenEnglishandChinesespeakers.(2)Tofindthesocialandculturalrootsforthedisparities.(3)toimprovelanguagelearners’communicativecompetenceforCROSS—culturalinteractions.
吸血鬼日记第二季19Thestudyshowsitssignificanceinseveralways.Inthefirstplace,itseekstomakecontributionstothepreviousstudiesinthisarea.Althoughalotofresearcheshavebeencarriedoutoncompliments.theyaremainlyconductedindailylife.Fewstudieshaveinvestigatedcomplimentsthroughanalysisofliterarybooks.Thisstudywillsurelyshedlightonthere裕兴新概念英语第一册
searchesofthisspeechactsetandofferusefulinformationforCROSS.culturalcommunication.Inthesecondplace,theconceptofspeechactplaysacrucialpartinlanguagestudiessinceitincludesboth“linguisticandsocialnorms”(Hymes,1972:57).Wehavediscoveredgeneralculturalvaluesandnorrnsbyanalyzingcomplimenttopics,formulae,responsesandfunctions.Finally,givingappropriatecomplimentsisanaspectofcommunicativecompetencethatisveryimportantforsecondlanguagelearners.Therefore,doingresearchoncomplimentingbehaviorcanhelpUStoimprovecommunicativecompetence.
Thedatainthestudyareelicitedbythemeansofanalyzingtwoliterarybooks.OneisTeahouseandtheotherisPrideandPrejudice.Theresultsandanalysisofthedataareperformedwithpercentages.
Thispaperincludessixparts.
PartoneiStheintroduction.韩语单词
mmbuy
法语入门学习Parttwointroducessomeelementarynotionsconcerningthisthesis,
includingthedefinitionofcompliment,language,cultureandcontextandtheirrelationships.
Partthreereviewsbrieflytherelatedtheories,suchasspeechact
电脑故障 英文theories(Austin,1962;Searle,1969,1975),faceandpolitenesstheories
2