情态动词精讲:haveto和must区别用法【非常详细】

更新时间:2023-05-21 13:56:39 阅读: 评论:0

情态动词精讲:haveto和must区别用法【非常详细】
(1)have to和must都表示必须,但二者有些区别。
have to侧重于客观需要,表示由于客观环境的原因而不得不做某事;must则侧重说话人的主观意志,表示主观上说话者认为有必要做某事。试比较:
文言文翻译大全(2)have to可用于不同的时态,也可与情态动词连用,并可用于被动语态。
We had to put off the track meet becau of the bad weather. 因天气不好,我们不得不推迟田径运动会。[用于过去时,表客观环境因素]
We will have to come up with the design scheme today. 我们今天得交出该设计方案。[用于将来时]四级考试题
The work will have to be completed before the 10th. 这项工作得在10号前完成。[用于将来时被动语态]
He has been having to stay up late to finish his book for the last few weeks. 近几周来,他必须一直熬夜以完成他的书。[用于现在完成进行时]
My husband is always having to go on a business trip. 我先生总是要经常出差。[用于现在进行时]
放之四海It's getting late; we will have to be going. 时间已不早,我们得走了。[用于将来进行时]
而must一般只用于现在时,也可用在将来时;在间接引语及宾语从句中也可表示过去时,如:
当然的英文
All pedestrians must cross this road by the footbridge. 所有行人必须由天桥穿越这条马路。[表现在时](“天桥”还可用pedestrian bridge或overhead walkway来表示)初二英语周记
poetry
Must we finish the job before tomorrow noon? 我们一定得在明天中午前完成这个工作吗?[表将来时]
I'm afraid we must be going, or we'll not be able to catch the last bus. 我看我们得走了,否则我们将赶不上末班车了。[表现在进行时]
(3)must作情态动词可表示主观推测,而have to则无此用法。must表示主观推测时可用于各种时态。
A. 现在时。
There must be something wrong with the car. I can't start it. 这辆车准是出了毛病,它发动不起来。
B. 现在进行时。
Don't take it riously. He must be joking. 别当真,他准是在开玩笑。
C. 过去时。
Mrs. Crook realized that it must be the man from the Electricity Board who had come to read the meter. 柯鲁克夫人意识到来者准是电力公司的人,他来抄电表的。[用在宾语从句中]
Yesterday morning I told my parents that I must call on an old friend of mine at once. 昨天早晨我告诉我父母说我得立刻去拜访我的一位老朋友。[用于间接引语中表过去式时,must比had to更符合习惯用法]
D. 表示对过去情况的肯定推测用must have+过去分词,但不能用have to+过去分词。
You must have read a lot of Maugham's novels, or you couldn't have talked so much about that famous British writer at yesterday's minar. 你肯定以前读过毛姆的很多小说;不然,你不可能在昨天的研讨会上谈那么多关于那位著名英国作家的情况。
He left about two o'clock. It's five now. He must have got home.
他两点钟走的,现在已是5点;他肯定已到家了。
E. 表过去完成进行时,用must have been+现在分词,表持续性动作,但不能用have to。
It must have been snowing all night. All the trees in the garden are covered with snow. 雪肯定下了整整一夜,花园里所有的树木都盖满了雪。
F. must表“必须”时,否定式不是must not,而是do not have to或needn't。
—Must I work overtime(加班)tonight?
must not作“不许,不准,禁止”解,相当于be not to。如:
聚智堂教育
G. must表示的推测含有极有把握的意思,通常只用于肯定式中,其否定和疑问式多用can/could来表示。
heeljob comHe must be at home. He can't be in the office.[can't be是must现在时的否定式]
H. must have+过去分词表示对过去行为、动作或状态的推测,它相应的否定式是can not h
ave/could not have+过去分词。
He was at home all day yesterday,so he can't/couldn't have got involved in the bank robbery yesterday afternoon. 他昨天一整天都待在家里,因而不可能参与昨天下午发生的那桩银行抢劫案。
I. must needs和needs must。
①must needs和needs must表示“必须,不得不”解,其中needs(副词)=of necessity或necessarily。
I must needs/needs must do the experiment carefully. 我必须仔细地做这个实验。
②must needs还可作“偏偏”解,但needs must则不能表示这一意思。
My wife must needs talk to me when I don't care to talk. 我太太偏偏在我不想谈话的时候和我谈话。
J. must的两个常用表达法
①What 表注定要发生的意思
福州日语What must be will be. 注定要发生的事总要发生。
②If you must+与主句句意相同的动词(通常省略),表无奈的意思。
A: Can I smoke here?
B: If you must. 如果你一定要抽的话(那就抽吧)。[表无奈]
A: Who is it that you care for? 你爱的到底是谁?
B: If you must know, I love Jimmy deeply. 如果你一定要知道(那我只好照实告诉你),我深爱着杰米。
K. must在现代英语中还可作名词,作“必不可少的东西”解。
His new kungfu novel is a must for all lovers of Chine martial arts. 他新出版的武侠小说是所有中国武术爱好者的必读书。

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