（理工A）2014年完形填空
15. “Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japane Earthquake Damage （“液化”是日本地震破坏的关键）
utmostThe massive subduction zone1 earthquake in Japan caud a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprid rearchers with its widespread verity, a new analysis shows.
"We've en localized3 examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually vere," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering4 at Oregon State University5. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the diments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines6, crippling the utilities and infrastructure the communities need to functionmiddleware. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."
Some degree of soil liquefaction7 is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a pheno
menon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent diments or sand, can lo much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collap .
But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japane earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force rearchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this.
"With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 conds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for veral more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger diments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."
The data provided by analyzing the Japane earthquake, rearchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the informatio
n quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts.
"There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan10 that11 will help us to reduce risks in other similar events ," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more u of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils den, or u of reinforcing stone columns."
好笑的话Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" diments, in geologic terms, may be tho deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, that describes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.
Anything babystepsnear a river and old flood plains is a suspect12, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collap. Japan has suffered tremendous loss in the March 11 earthquake, but Japane constr
uction standards helped prevent many buildings from collap ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.
12. Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk (快餐加免费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险)
Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of charge so that customers can reduce the heart dia dangers of fatty food, rearchers at Imperial College London suggest in a new study．
Statins reduce the amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a person’s heart attack risk .
In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calculate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statin is enough to offt the increa in heart attack risk from eating a cheeburger and drinking a milkshake．
cdcsDr Francis，phbfrom the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London八下英语单词表，英语b级真题who is the nior author of the study, said:”Statins don’t cut out a11 of the unhealthy effects of cheeburgers and French fries．It’s better to avoid fatty food altogether．But we’ve worked out that in terms of your possibility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less the same degree as a fast food meal increas it.” “It’s ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they like, but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes n to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are provided free of charge．It would cost less than 5 pence per customer 一not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said．
When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, they’re encouraged to take measures that lower their risk, 1ike wearing a atbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters. Taking a statin is a rational way of lowering some of the risks of eating a fatty meal．
10. Chicken Soup for the Soul:Comfort Food Fights Lneliness（心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感）
Mashed potatoes, macaroni and chee, may be bad for your arteries， but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotionsmeadow ．The study focus on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．苏州o培训
"For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the rearch program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.
