学术写作｜引⾔（introduction）写法
⼀⽂教你学会学术英语写作--引⾔篇！
The introduction to an academic paper always:
Gives the background to the topic
Outlines the content of the paper - its aims (for instance 'This paper will examine ...')
The introduction may also:
Give a strong relevant quote
不相径庭Define key terms
WHAT IS AN INTRODUCTION? WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
百万元宝贝The introduction paragraph is the first paragraph in the paper. This paragraph prents the thesis of the paper – the main claim or asrtion the author is making through the prentation of supporting
information. In addition, this paragraph establishes the context of the paper (Davis, Davis, Stewart, &
Bullock (2013). This context should be prented in a manner that is neither so broad that it includes
irrelevant information not prented in the body, nor so specific that it goes into too much detail about the information discusd in the body. This paragraph is esntial for clear and organized writing. By providing an appropriate context and an effective thesis ntence, the introduction allows the writer to narrow the scope of their paper and helps with ensuring all information and claims relate back to the thesis. Some strategies for creating introductions are discusd below.
引⾔段是论⽂的第⼀段。本段介绍论⽂的论点——作者通过提供⽀持信息提出的主要主张或主张。此外，本段确定了论⽂的背景（Davis、Davis、Stewart and Bullock, 2013）这种背景的呈现⽅式既不能太宽泛，也不能包含正⽂中未呈现的⽆关信息，如此具体以⾄于它对正⽂中讨论的信息进⾏了过多的详细介绍。这⼀段对于清晰和有条理的写作⾄关重要。通过提供适当的上下⽂和有效的论⽂句⼦，引⾔允许作者缩⼩论⽂的范围并有助于确保所有信息和声明都与论⽂相关。下⾯讨论了⼀些创建引⾔的策略。
THE GENERAL STRUCTURE OF AN INTRODUCTION
There are many models for how introduction paragraphs should be written, what they should include, and their specific formatting. If in doubt about the exact format and/or contents, refer to the professor
’s
specific preferences. However, when writing for academic purpos, the inverted triangle model is the most frequently ud structure (e diagram). This method prents the introduction in a deductive structure (general to specific) (Davis et al., 2013).
关于应该如何编写介绍段落、应该包含什么内容以及它们的具体格式，有很多模型。如果对确切格式和/或内容有疑问，请参考教授的具体偏好。然⽽，当出于学术⽬的写作时，倒三⾓模型是最常⽤的结构（见下图表）。这种⽅法介绍了演绎结构（从⼀般到具体）的介绍（Davis
等，2013）。
THE INTRODUCTION’S DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
原产地
sourGeneral Statement. The general statement is intended to be a broad (but not overly broad) statement that introduces the general paper topic.
⼀般陈述旨在是⼀个⼴泛（但不是过于⼴泛）的陈述，介绍⼀般论⽂主题。
Specific and More Specific Statements. The start providing the reader with esntial background
information required to understand your paper topic and the general context in which your paper fits.
Introduce only some of the esntial information without going into too much detail, as that is the purpo of the paper’s body. If applicable to the assignment or purpo of writing, it can be a good idea to u this ction to establish a problem that your paper will address.
freeway这些开始内容为读者提供必要的背景信息，以了解您的论⽂主题和您的论⽂适合的⼀般背景。只介绍⼀些基本信息，不要太详细，因为这是论⽂正⽂的⽬的。如果适⽤于作业或写作⽬的，最好使⽤此部分来确定您的论⽂将解决的问题。theresa may
Thesis. Broadly defined, the paper’s thesis is your asrtion. It is the main claim you are making that will be supported in the body of your paper. The exact format and characteristics of the thesis will vary
depending on the type of paper you are writing. Davis et al. (2013) explain that thesis statements are
tailored to specific types of writing, including persuasive, rearch, argumentative, and analysis papers.
When writing the paper, u the thesis statement to check that the content in the paper’s body is
太原会计学校
developing the asrtion you made.
从⼴义上讲，论⽂的论点就是你的断⾔。这是提出的主要主张，将在论⽂正⽂中得到⽀持。论⽂的确切格式和特征将根据您撰写的论⽂类型⽽有所不同。戴维斯等⼈在2013的⽂章中解释说，论⽂陈述是针对特定类型的写作量⾝定制的，包括说服性、研究性、论证性和分析性论⽂。撰写论⽂时，请使⽤论⽂陈述来检查论⽂正⽂中的内容是否正在发展您所做的断⾔。
Paper Organization. The last ction of the introduction paragraph should outline how your paper is
organized. While this element may be omitted depending on the nature and length of the paper, it is
especially uful when writing larger, more complex papers that include multiple ctions. This provides the reader with a general idea of how the paper is laid out and the topics that will be discusd. Combined with the u of effective topic ntences in the paper’s body, this part of the introduction contributes to the paper’s overall organization and clarity.
介绍段落的最后⼀部分应概述论⽂的组织⽅式。虽然根据论⽂的性质和长度可以省略此元素，但在撰写包含多个部分的更⼤、更复杂的论⽂时，它尤其有⽤。这使读者对论⽂的布局⽅式和将要讨论的主题有⼀个⼤致的了解。结合论⽂正⽂中有效主题句的使⽤，这部分引⾔有助于论⽂的整体组织和清晰度。
If you are unsure what this means in effect, have a look at our example introductions.
Introduction
In this paper, it is understood that ‘academic writing’ has the meaning as clearly
given by Hopkins (2008) of “'structured rearch' written by 'scholars' for other
scholars (with all university writers being 'scholars' in this context).” （definition of terms）
It is also important to consider, at this initial stage, the question of ‘Are standards
of academic writing among British students actually falling?’ （background to the topic）The Guardian Education Notebook (2008) reported “Academic standards are in decline in many British universities, Professor Geoffrey Alderman, a nior figure in higher
education, told the press last month, ‘Students who would once have failed pass,
and students who would once have been awarded respectable lower conds are
now awarded upper conds and even firsts,’”（quotation）
familiar
There is a great deal of rearch being carried out to prove whether the claims
uniform怎么读
are true.（background to the topic） However, it is not the purpo of this paper to prent this evidence.Instead, it will prent two perspectives on this decline. The first suggests that falling academic standards are the result incread access to technology andcococ
therefore ‘stealing’ essays and cheating. Oppositely, the cond perspective
prented here suggests that a great deal can be done, and is being done, by
universities to bring students up to expected standards and that modern
technologies can greatly enhance an institution’s ability to identify cheating and to
facilitate access to skills training.（Outline of the aims of the essay ）
Finally, this essay will consider a rather nsitive subject: if standards of academic
writing are falling that must suggest that either fewer students are achieving high
grades, or that universities are applying laxer standards in asssing student work. （Suggestion of t
he conclusion the essay will reach ）
Reference
Davis, R., Davis, L. K., Stewart, K. L., Bullock, C. J. (2013). Essay writing for Canadian students with readings (7th ed.). Toronto, ON: Pearson.
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