MAP GUIDE
Global Land Cover Characteristics Maps (USGS EROS)
Global Ecosystems
IGBP Land Cover
USGS Land U/Land Cover Simple Biosphere Model Simple Biosphere 2 Model
Vegetation Lifeforms
Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme Matthews Land Cover
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Summary
What are they?TerraViva!® provides a ries of eight thematic maps reprenting land cover of the earth from different scientific perspectives. The maps compri the Global Land Characteristics databa (GLCC) and illustrate the distribution of earth surface materials or "land cover" over the entire globe. By exploring each map, you can identify at a glance the location and expan of major ecologic
al systems – forests, grasslands, tundra, agricultural regions and derts – and examine their inter-relationships.
As you move your cursor around on a map a small text box near the cursor displays the land cover classification at the cursor position. The gray status bars located just below the map display the name of the administrative unit, the land cover classification at the cursor position, and the geographic coordinates at the cursor position.
Source of the TerraViva!®Maps. The Global Land Cover Characteristics Data Ba Version 2.0 (GLCC) is the most comprehensive reprentation of land cover for the entire globe. A primary data t identifying 96 land class - Global Ecosystems – forms the basis for ven additional GLCC data products: IGBP Land Cover, USGS Land U/Land Cover, Simple Biosphere Model, Simple Biosphere 2 Model, Biosphere Atmosphere Transfer Scheme, Matthews Land Cover, and Vegetation Lifeform. Each product emphasizes different land cover features or inter-relates landforms to support specific scientific analys. GLCC data ts are available from the NASA Land Distributed Active Archive Center at the USGS Eros Data Center in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Each version is available in Goode Interrupted Homolosine at one kilometer and Geographic projection at thirty arc-conds resolution.
Why was GLCC created? The GLCC databa was an international project undertaken by a number of organizations under the auspices of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP) and NASA. The US Geological Survey EROS Data Center performed the technical task of creating the land cover map by interpreting space remote nsing data. GLCC was developed at the request of scientists interested in the study of global environmental change. The scientists believed that existing maps of land cover were inadequate to reprent current conditions, and they sought an improved, updated map in order to properly model effects of climate change and other global environmental process. Scientists continue to pursue improved reprentations of the Earth’s biosphere and are now actively employing advanced nsors like Modis and Landsat.
the hurt lockerHow was GLCC constructed? The GLCC data t was derived from the National Oceanic and Space Administration (NOAA) Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data collected daily over a 12-month period from April 1992 through March 1993. AVHRR is carried on NOAA's Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite (POES) and its daily measurements reflect energy at each 1-km2 location on the earth's surface. This daily data creates a time-ries that reveals plant development patterns, called phenology, and other features such as ont, peak, and asonal duration of vegetation greenness. The features relate to the amount of plant material, or biomass,
produced. The accumulated vegetative material is referred to as "net primary productivity." Such features allow discrimination of various types of vegetation and other land covers. Scientists ud statistical techniques to process the AVHRR signals, determining ninety-six land cover patterns bad on a taxonomy established by J. Olson (1994). The 96 class for the most part formed the basis for each of the eight GLCC map products. Each map is an interpretation suited to a specific scientific purpo as described later. How were the TerraViva!®maps derived from the source data?
The entire collection of eight GLCC products are available at full resolution. Since all versions are derived from the Global Ecosystems map, lossless compressions of greater than 100:1 were achieved, enabling instantaneous renderings when switching from one GLCC map to another.
tube videoWhat do the Colors Mean?
The color codes of each map are described in the map legend and an explanation of the unique value of the map prented.
1. Global Ecosystemshum
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王英文Global ecosystem categories were derived from tho developed by J. Olson (1994) to reprent global land cover patterns derived from coar resolution remote nsing data for u in carbon cycle studies. The ninety six categories provide as broad a range of land cover types.
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华为英语面试2. Land Cover (IGBP)
Definitions of land cover class are reproduced below from original IGBP working plans (from Belward, A. S., 1996). The legend employed was developed to meet the needs of IGBP projects, providing for a consistent and objective reprentation of significant landforms for all projects.statement是什么意思
Unclassified: Land cover unknown
Evergreen Needleleaf Forest: Lands dominated by trees with a percent canopy cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
Evergreen Broadleaf Forest: Lands dominated by trees with a percent canopy cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Almost all trees remain green all year. Canopy is never without green foliage.
Deciduous Needleleaf Forest: Lands dominated by trees with a percent canopy cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of asonal needleleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.
Deciduous Broadleaf Forest: Lands dominated by trees with a percent canopy cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of asonal broadleaf tree communities with an annual cycle of leaf-on and leaf-off periods.
Mixed Forest: Lands dominated by trees with a percent canopy cover >60% and height exceeding 2 meters. Consists of tree communities with intersperd mixtures or mosaics of the other four forest cover types. None of the forest types exceeds 60% of landscape. Clod Shrubland: Lands with woo
dy vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover >60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous.
Open Shrubland: Lands with woody vegetation less than 2 meters tall and with shrub canopy cover between 10-60%. The shrub foliage can be either evergreen or deciduous. Woody Savanna: Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 30-60%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 meters.
Savannas: Lands with herbaceous and other understory systems, and with forest canopy cover between 10-30%. The forest cover height exceeds 2 meters.
