【眩晕大会倒计时13天】眩晕研究新进展：缺血、磁场与前庭系统
PL02
MODULATION OF VESTIBULAR NEURONS BY ACUTE HYPOTENSIONORMETABOLIC CHANGES
Byung Rim PARK1, Min Sun KIM1, Yuan-Zhe JIN2
1Department of Physiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Korea
2Department of Physiology & Pathophysiology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, China
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51点菜网Reduction of blood flow to the vestibular system caus naua, dizziness, and other autonomic symptoms. We investigated the pathophysiological mechanism of hypotension-induced dizziness and the vestibulosympathetic pathways following acute hypotension. Activities in the vestibular nuclei (VN), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), rostral ventrolateral
medullary nucleus (RVLM) and intermediolateral cell column of the middle thoracic spinal regions (IMC) were measured by electrophysiological and immunohistochemical methods following microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists into the medial vestibular nucleus (MVN), RVLM and/or sodium nitroprusside(SNP)-induced hypotension, in rats with sinoaortic denervation.Acute hypotension produced excitation of electrical activity in 2/3 of type I neurons and inhibition in 2/3 of type II neurons recorded in the MVN. Hypotension incread the expression of c-Fos protein in the NTS, RVLM, and IMC, which was abolished by pretreatment with glutamate receptor antagonists in the MVN. Microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists into the MVN incread the expression of c-Fos protein in the NTS, RVLM, and IMC. Systemic treatment with monocarboxylate transporter inhibitor augmented hypotension-induced expression of c-Fos protein in theMVN. Both microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists into the MVN or RVLM and SNP-induced hypotension led to incread blood epinephrine levels. Microinjection of glutamate receptor agonists into the MVN incread blood pressure. The results indicate that the vestibulo-spino-adrenal axis may be a key comp
onent of the pathway ud by the vestibulosympathetic reflex to maintain blood pressure following hypotension. And lactate metabolism is a possible factor contributing to changes in vestibular nuclear activities.jennifer
PL02
急性低血压或代谢变化对前庭神经元的调制机制探讨
Byung Rim PARK1, Min SunKIM1, Yuan-Zhe JINtopgun
韩国圆光大学医学院，生理学教研室
中国延边大学医学院，生理和病理生理学教研室
前庭系统血流量的减少会引起恶心、头晕和植物神经系统症状。我们研究了低血压诱发头晕的病理生理学机制，以及急性低血压状态时的前庭交感神经通路。通过前庭内侧核（MVN）、延髓腹外侧核（RVLM）显微注射谷氨酸受体受体激动剂或拮抗剂到和/或者给予去窦弓神经的大鼠注射硝普钠诱发低血压的方法，应用电生理和免疫组化方法测量前庭
神经核、孤束核（NTS）、延髓腹外侧核以及胸髓中间外侧核（IMC）的电活动。急性低血压可使前庭内侧核中2/3的I型神经元细胞兴奋，2/3的II型神经元细胞抑制。低血压导致NTS、RVLM、IMC中的 c-Fos蛋白表达增加，这种增加在前庭内侧核经谷氨酸受体拮抗剂预处理之后消失。通过显微镜下注射谷氨酸受体受体激动剂到MVN中会增加NTS、RVLM和IMC中c-Fos蛋白的表达。使用单羧酸转运蛋白抑制剂系统处理会增加低血压诱发的MVN中c-Fos蛋白的表达。显微注射谷氨酸受体受体激动剂到MVN或RVLM中以及硝普钠诱发的低血压都会导致血中肾上腺素水平增高。显微镜下注射谷氨酸受体受体激动剂到MVN中会使血压上升。这些结果表明前庭-脊髓-肾上腺轴可能是该通路的关键所在，该通路通过前庭交感反射来维持低血压后的血压水平，而且乳酸代谢是一个可能参与了前庭神经核电活动变化的影响因素。
PL01
MAGNETIC VESTIBULAR STIMULATION: AN UPDATE
David S. ZEE1, Bryan /WARD1, Jorge OTERO-MILLAN1, Michael SCHUBERT1, Dale ROBERTS1
1Department of Neurology And Head-neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
boris johnson
It has been known for decades that Individuals working next to strong static magnetic fields can feel disoriented and vertiginous. Roberts et al. suggested this was due to peripheral vestibular stimulation. Indeed, humans, mice, and zebrafish while inside a strong, static magnetic field, all demonstrate behaviors consistent with peripheral vestibular stimulation. The propod mechanism for this effects involves a Lorentz force resulting from the interaction of a strong static magnetic field with naturally occurring ionic currents flowing through the inner ear endolymph into vestibular hair cells. The resulting force within the endolymph is strong enough to displace the lateral micircular canal cupula, inducing vertigo and the horizontal nystagmus en in normal mice and in humans. The sustained force is comparable to a constant head acceleration. Here we will review the propod Lorentz force hypothesis, and u data from humans with unilateral labyrinthine loss to pinpoint the specific micircular canals involved.We will take advantage of the sustained nystagmus in the magnetic field to study the adaptive respon
s that normally act to null a spontaneous nystagmus.We will also discuss some practical implications of magnetic vestibular stimulation.
primaPL01
前庭磁刺激：最新进展
David S. ZEE1, Bryan /WARD1, JorgeOTERO-MILLAN1,taskmgr Michael SCHUBERT1, Dale ROBERTS1
美国，约翰·霍普金斯大学医学院，神经内科、头颈外科
众所周知，当个体处在强的静磁场中，常常会出现方向迷失和眩晕感。 Roberts等人认为这与外周前庭受到刺激有关。事实上，当人、鼠和斑马鱼处在强静磁场中，会出现外周前庭受到刺激的表现。推测此效应的机制产生于Lorentz力（磁场施加于移动电荷而产生的力）。强的静磁场与自然发生的由内耳内淋巴进入前庭毛细胞的离子电流之间相互作用产生的Lorentz力。存在于内淋巴内的这种力足以使水平半规管的壶腹产生移位，从而诱发正
常小鼠和人类产生眩晕和水平眼震，这种持续的力类似于头部恒加速度。在这里，我们将回顾Lorentz力假说；通过伴单侧迷路受损的人类的数据来确定所涉及的具体的半规管；我们将通过磁场诱发持久眼震的方法来研究诸如自发眼震转归的前庭适应性机制；我们将还进一步讨论前庭磁刺激的一些实际应用问题。
猴子把戏SP11-6
The 3rd Joint Meeting of The Korean Balance Society and Japan Society for Equilibrium Rearch
EFFECT OF ISCHEMIA ON THE VESTIBULAR APPARATUS: AN EXPERIMENT USING THE
BULLFROG MODEL
Taro INAGAKI1, Mamoru SUZUKI2, Koji OTSUKA1, Ujimoto KONOMI1,3, Masanori YATOMI1,4, Miho
SHIROMORI1,4, Yasuo OGAWA1,4, Kiyoaki TSUKAHARA1
英文家族名1Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University, Japan
2Tokyo Medical University, Japan
3Otorhinolaryngological clinic, Koi Chuo Hospital, Japan
4Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo Medical University Hachioji Medical Center, Japan
Inner ear disorder is one of the main caus of vertigo. Though it has not been proven, many of the inner ear disorders are probably induced by the ischemia or virus infection. It is not easy to evaluate the circulation of the vestibule becau of its anatomical location.
The objectives are to establish the vestibular ischemia model using bullfrog, and to investigate changes of the vestibular apparatus in the ischemic condition.
Bullfrogs were ud. Under the anesthesia with ether, the unilateral temporal bone was opened from the oral cavity.
The vestibular artery on the nerve was cut (vestibular ischemia model). In some cas, th
e vestibular artery was not cut (sham surgery). The intact temporal bones rved as control. Two to 7 days later, the micircular canals and utriculi were removed. Cupula was stained with India ink and was investigated in frog Ringer solution. The ampullae and utricular maculae were fixed, cut in 4 μm thickness, and were stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Neuroepithelia of ampullae and maculae were investigated under light microscope.
