Unit 1
As the owner of a small business lling software I find it hard to recruit good people in today‘s tight labor market and having got people on board, there is an equally, if not more difficult task of keeping them happy. Staff turnover is a real problem. Two years ago our staff turnover at Epmus plc was out of control. We were consistently losing staff across the spectrum from clerical workers to nior managers, but our real worry was the skilled tehdnical people who were leaving us.They comprid a bulk of our work force so we brought in a group of consultants to help us figure out why they were leaving. It wasn‘t too difficult to e what had gone wrong. Getting new recruits to deal with clients without any specialist training wasn‘t a good idea. We were putting our staff in an unfair position, especially when they had to reach sales targets. Nor was the system of evaluating employee performance only once a year a good idea. It meant we won't pick up potential problems early enough. So having conducted our asssment we established a formal plan to retain the people who had worked so hard to recruit and hire. We laid out specific steps for communicating with our staff.
作为一家销售软件的小企业的所有者，我发现在当今紧张的劳动力市场中很难招募到优秀的人才，而且已经有人加入了公司，这是一项同样的任务，即使不是更困难，也要让他们快乐。人员流动是一个真正的问题。两年前，我们在爱普斯公司的员工流动失控了。从文书工作者到高级管理人员，我们一
直在裁员，但我们真正担心的是那些离开我们的技术熟练的技术人员。他们占了我们大部分的劳动力，因此，我们请了一群顾问来帮助我们弄清楚他们为什么要离开。不难看出出了什么问题。让新员工在没有任何专业培训的情况下与客户打交道不是一个好主意。我们让我们的员工处于不公平的地位，特别是当他们必须达到销售目标时。一年只评估一次员工绩效的制度也不是一个好主意。这意味着我们不能及早发现潜在的问题。因此，在进行了评估之后，我们制定了一个正式的计划，以留住那些努力招聘和雇用的人。我们制定了与员工沟通的具体步骤。
Firstly,every year we clo down the company and invite our entire staff to an off-site meeting. We talk shop and it gives us a chance to reinforce what the company vision is. It is after all esntial that everyone is aware of where we are going and what we have to achieve. Then to build on this ground work, the ction managers nd e-mail messages every 3 months to describe any modifications there have been to that division. As the process took hold we noticed that doing this quarterly wasn‘t adequate. As a result I now have a meeting once a week with the managers who are directly responsible to me to review and revi their departmental goals. However, in my view, communicating the plan of where the company is headed is something let me down on a continual basis ever amid the often chaotic day-to-day undertakings of our fast-growing company.I think that this jogs to the memory or to be incorporated into every CEO’s usual interaction with their staff. Our
staff turnover rate has fallen to just over 30percent this year which we were very plead with. And the steps we took might prove uful to other enterpreneurs. There are key things that need to be done. For example, t up meetings every 3 months or so with your most important personnel and u the occasions to provide feedback, and talk about any problems the staff may have.In addition, make sure new recruits are put through a proper 2-week training period and spend time with a mentor who has been formally
delegated to look after them and answer their questions.
首先，每年我们关闭公司并邀请我们全体员工参加场外会议。我们谈论商店，它给了我们一个机会来强化公司的愿景。毕竟，每个人都必须知道我们要去哪里，我们要实现什么。然后，为了在此基础上进行工作，部门经理每3个月向发送一次电子邮件，描述对该部门所做的任何修改。在这个过程中，我们注意到每季度做这个是不够的。因此，我现在每周与直接负责我的经理开会一次，审查和修改他们的部门目标。然而，在我看来，在我们快速发展的公司经常混乱的日常工作中，沟通公司发展方向的计划是让我不断失望的事情。Mpany.我认为这是一种让人想起或融入每一位首席执行官与员工的日常互动中的方式。我们的员工流动率今年已经下降到30%以上，我们对此非常满意。我们采取的措施可能对其他企业家有用。有一些关键的事情需要做。例如，每隔3个月左右与最重要的员工召开一次会议，并利用这些机会提供反馈，并讨论员工可能遇到的任何问题。此外，确保新员工经过适当的2
周培训期，并与正式授权的导师共度时光，以照顾他们。回答他们的问题。
出生日期英文Also when looking to retain staff, don‘t just focus on compensation. Bear in mind that when it comes to keeping people you need to show publicly that you value their contribution.There are also other methods of rewarding staff who stay with you, such as stock options and in the long term our goal is for all employees to be receiving the.
另外，在寻找留住员工时，不要只关注薪酬。记住，在留住员工时，你需要公开表明你重视他们的贡献。还有其他奖励与你在一起的员工的方法，比如股票期权，从长远来看，我们的目标是让所有员工都能得到这些。
Unit 2
Youth is not a time of life; it is a state of mind. It is not a matter of rosy cheeks, red lips and supple knees; it is a matter of the will, a quality of the imagination,a vigor of the emotions; it is the freshness of deep springs of life. Youth means temperamental predominance of courage over timidity,of the appetite for adventure over the love of ea. This often exists in a man of 60 more than in a boy of 20. Nobody grows older merely by the number of years. We grow old by derting our ideals.
青春不是人生的一段时间，而是一种精神状态。这不是粉红的脸颊、红润的嘴唇和柔软的膝盖的问题；而是意志的问题、想象力的品质、情感的活力；它是生命之泉的清新。青春意味着勇气胜过胆怯，冒险欲望胜过安逸。这通常存在于一个60岁的男人身上，而不是一个20岁的男孩身上。没有人仅仅靠年龄增长。我们抛弃理想而变老。
Years may wrinkle the skin,but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.Worry, fear, lf-distrust bows the heart and turn the spirit back to dust.
岁月可以使皮肤起皱纹，但放弃热情会使灵魂起皱纹。忧虑、恐惧、自我怀疑会使心灵弯曲，使灵魂归于尘土。
Whether 60or 16, there is in every human being’s heart the lure of wonder, the unfailing childlike appetite of what’s next and the joy of the game of living.In the center of your heart and my heart there is a wireless station; so long as it receives messages of beauty, hope, courage and power from men and from the infinite, so long are you young.
When the aerials are down, and your spirit is covered with snows of cynicism and the ice of pessimism, then you’ve grown old, even at 20; but as long as your aerials are up, to catch waves of optimism, there is hope that you may die young at 80.
无论是60岁还是16岁，每个人心中都有奇迹的诱惑，永恒的诱惑。
孩子般的对下一步的渴望和生活游戏的乐趣。在你我的心的中心有一个无线电台，只要它接收到美丽、希望、勇气和
来自人类和无穷大的力量，你年轻的时候已经很久了。当天线落下，你的灵魂被冰雪覆盖，充满了愤世嫉俗和冰封悲观主义，那么你已经老了，即使是20岁；但是只要你的天线升起，捕捉乐观的浪潮，就有希望你在80岁时早死。
Unit 3
Play is very important for humans from birth to death. Play is not meant to be just for children. It is a form of freedom and connection that can tap into your creativity, and can allow you
ersuckerthe chance to find your inner child and the inner child of others. I have collected the top five benefits of play here.
Play can stimulate you to think differently. It can go against all the rules, and change the same old boring way of doing things. Walt Disney was devoted to play, and his willingness to oppo the common wisdom changed the world of entertainment. The next time you are stuck in fixed and borincroquis
g way of life, pull out a box of color pencils, modeling clay, glue and scissors,and invite your inner child out and break free. You will be amazed at the way your thinking shifts the new world of discovery.
从出生到死亡，游戏对人类非常重要。游戏并不意味着只适合孩子们。它是一种自由和联系的形式，可以利用你的创造力，并允许你找到你内心的孩子和他人内心的孩子的机会。我在这里收集了游戏的五大好处。游戏可以刺激你以不同的方式思考。它可以违反所有的规则，改变过去那种无聊的做事方式。沃尔特·迪斯尼全心全意地参与游戏，他愿意反对常识改变了娱乐的世界。下次当你陷入困境时无聊的生活方式，拿出一盒彩色铅笔，粘土模型，胶水和剪刀，并邀请你的内心孩子出来和自由。你会惊讶于你的思维方式改变了新的发现世界。
Playing can bring greater joy into your life. What do you think the world would be like-if every human spent time each day in play? I bet just asking you this question has brought a smile to your face. Play creates laughter, joy, entertainment, and a feeling of inner peace. Starting today, try to
get 30 minutes each day to engage in some form of play, and watch your joy factor ri!
玩耍能给你的生活带来更大的快乐。如果每个人每天都在游戏中度过，你认为这个世界会是什么样子？我敢打赌，只要问你这个问题，你一定会面带微笑。游戏创造了笑声、欢乐、娱乐和内心平静的
感觉。从今天开始，试着每天花30分钟的时间进行某种形式的游戏，并看着你的快乐指数上升！
Play is known to reduce stress. Studies show that, as humans, play is part of our nature. We have the need to play becau it is instinctive and basic to human existence.
With regular play,our problem-solving and adaptive abilities will be in much better shape to
handle this complex world, and we are much more likely to choo healthy answers to challenging situations as they ari. It creates laughter and freedom that can instantly reduce stress and add a feeling of relaxation to our daily living.
众所周知，玩耍可以减轻压力。研究表明，作为人类，玩耍是我们天性的一部分。我们需要玩耍，因为它是人类生存的本能和基础。
随着常规游戏，我们的解决问题和适应能力将在更好的状态下面对这个复杂的世界，我们更可能选择健康的答案来应对挑战性的情况。它创造了笑声和自由，可以立即减轻压力，为我们的日常生活增添一种放松的感觉。
Play can stimulate the imagination,curiosity, and creativity. Rearch shows that play is both a hands-on' and minds-on' learning process. It produces a deeper, more meaningful understanding of t
he world and its possibilities. We begin giving meaning to life through story making, and playing out various possible situations.
游戏可以刺激想象力、好奇心和创造力。研究表明，游戏既是一个亲身实践的学习过程，也是一个心中有数的学习过程。它产生了对世界及其可能性更深入、更有意义的理解。我们开始通过故事的编造和各种可能的情况来赋予生活意义。stay歌词
Unit 4
Some of the best American companies today have turned themlves upside down. They’ve found the old top-down pyramid style management chart doesn’t work. So they’ve flipped the pyramid over, giving employees more say in what goes on.And it works, as evidenced in improved sales and earnings.
英语铃声
今天，一些最优秀的美国公司已经扭转乾坤。他们已经发现旧的自上而下金字塔式管理图表不起作用。因此，他们把金字塔翻转过来，让员工对所发生的事情有更多的发言权。而且它起作用，这在提高销售和收入方面得到了证明。
Interested in inverting the pyramid in your operation? Here are some tips: Challenge employees to come up with their own better ways to do their jobs, You may be surprid at how valuablewuqi
some of their suggestions are.
有兴趣在你的操作中反转金字塔吗？以下是一些建议：向员工提出挑战，让他们想出自己更好的工作方式，你可能会惊讶于他们的一些建议有多么宝贵。
Seek out ideas from everyone, not just tho who have a direct involvement with the job,Sometimes good ideas come from unlikely resources.
Treat employees with honesty and respect. Don’t dictate to them if they are not going to have their ideas enacted. Explain the reasons that underline a decision or policy.
Spread authority around. If the largest part of the pyramid is to be at the top, the top people should have authority.
寻求每个人的想法，而不仅仅是那些直接参与工作的人，有时好的想法来自不太可能的资源。
etc是什么以诚实和尊重的态度对待员工。如果他们不想口授，就不要口授。他们的想法付诸实施。解释强调决策或政策的原因。
分散权威。如果金字塔的最大部分在顶端，那么最顶端的人应该有权威。
练习口语
At one auto plant any worker who es a problem can shut down the whole asmbly line until the problem is solved. By giving employees more control over their work environment and more involvement in running their jobs, you tap into a valuable source of idea and productivity—and that pays off for everyone.
在一个汽车工厂，任何看到问题的工人都可以关闭整个装配线直到问题解决。通过给予员工更多的工作环境控制权和更多的工作参与度，你可以找到一个有价值的想法和生产力来源，这对每个人都有好处。
bopsUnit 5
Right Reverend Lord HARRIES (Member, Hou of Lords; Former Bishop,Oxford for the Church of England):Now you ask, what is the relationship between scientific theory and Christian faith? The simplest way of thinking is to say, well, they're really answering different questions.
嘴的拼音Science is trying to address the question, how do things happen. And in answer to that, you get the theory of evolution. Things happened over millions and millions of years by a very gradual process through natural caus.
右牧师哈里斯勋爵（英国上议院成员，牛津前主教）：现在你问，科学理论和基督教信仰之间的关系是什么？最简单的思考方式是说，他们真的在回答不同的问题。
科学试图解决这个问题，事情是如何发生的。作为答案，你得到了进化论。通过自然原因，事情发生在数百万年前。
