考研英语(二)分类真题2
四级评分细则(总分100,考试时间90分钟)
Reading Comprehension
济南化妆培训Part A
Directions:
Read the following four passages. Answer the questions below each passage by choosing A, B, C and D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachs"s board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldman"s **mittee; how could she have let t
bt是什么ho enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.
Outside directors are suppod to rve as helpful, yet less biad, advirs on a firm"s board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elwhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive"s proposals. If the sky, and the share price, is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice bad on having weathered their own cris.
The rearchers from Ohio University ud a databa that covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the rearchers concentrated on tho "surpri" disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surpri departure, the probability that **pany will subquently have to restate earnings incread by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit
also increas, and the stock is likely to perform wor. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subquent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they "trade up." Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.
But the rearchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwi outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.
1. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for ______
A. gaining excessive profits
B. failing to fulfill her duty
C. refusing to **promis
D. leaving the board in tough times
2. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are suppod to be ______
A. generous investors
jmcB. unbiad executives
C. share price forecasters
D. independent advirs
3. According to the rearchers from Ohio University after an outside director"s surpri departure, the firm is likely to ______
A. become more stable
B. report incread earnings
C. do less well in the stock market
D. perform wor in lawsuits
4. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors ______
A. may stay for the attractive offers from the firm
B. have often had records of wrongdoings in the firm
C. are accustomed to stress-free work in the firm
gooD. will decline incentives from the firm
5. The author"s attitude toward the role of outside directors is ______人人听力网站>purpo是什么意思
A. permissive B. positive
C. scornful D. critical
关于圣诞节的pptText 2
Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end emed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the Internet. Newspapers like theSan Francisco Chroniclewere chronicling their own doom. America"s Federal Trade Commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now em out of date.
In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled corner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.
gilrIt has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the n如何推销
erve to refu delivery to distant suburbs. Yet the desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.
Newspapers are becoming more balanced business, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertirs. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japane newspapers are much more stable.
