adam levine2016新版中石油职称英语水平考试《通用英语选读》学习笔记
（考过的大题已标出）
目录
21.AND ALL THAT JAZZ关乎爵士乐(2016版新增) (2)
22 THE GERMANIC LANGUAGES 日耳曼语系（2010版） (6)
23 HOW AMERICANS EAT AND DRINK 美国人的饮食（2007版） (10)
管理学院排名
24 THE DELIGHTS OF SOUTH ISLAND 南岛之乐（2010版） (13)
25 HINTS TO IMPROVE SPOKEN ENGLISH 提高英语口语须知（2007版） (17)
26 THE MAGIC OF ENERGY 能的魔力（2007版） (21)
27. WHEN YOU TRAVEL TO A LARGE CITY旅行在都市（2016版新增） (25)
28 THAT "OTHER WOMAN" IN MY LIFE 我生命中的“另一个女人”（2007版） (29)
29 GEOGRAPHY OF USA 美国地理概况（2007版） (32)
30 THE OLD MAN AND THE SEA (EXCERPT) 老人与海(节选)(2010版) (37)malloc
温馨小语：veto
每篇“学习笔记”将可能涉及到的“考点”做了重点标记，它们基于“职称考试”的四个主要方面，即词汇、语法、阅读和翻译，所以在学习中要认真体会，找到自己要重点学习的内容。
跳过每一段英文原文，只通篇看下“带有英文”的中文部分…，是不是感觉清楚了课文大致要说的内容？熟悉中文意思，在考试中也是很有帮助的，特别是在回答阅读类的选择题时，如果它恰好又是你在此读过的一篇课文，你一定会用最短的时间，找到正确的答案。考试的题量可不小，要在此处抢得先机。过段时间，再来温习下吧。
21.And All That Jazz关乎爵士乐(2016版新增)
mou1.Have you ever heard the expression（说法、表达）, —and all that Jazz”？When people say that to day, it’s slang which means much the same thing as et cetera （等等）or “and so forth（等等）.” You may u it yourlf. Jazz, it ems, has had quite a few（相当多）meanings. Through the history （历史）of jazz, it has meant many different kinds of music to many different people.
天声人语>again and again
1.你听过这种说法吗，“像爵士乐一般，诸如此类的东西”？现在人们把它用作俚语，意思和“等等”，“以此类推”类似。你自己可能就用过这个词。爵士乐似乎有多种含义，纵览其发展史，对不同人群来说爵士乐意味着不同的音乐形式。
2.It’s interesting to know that jazz was first spelled a different way —jass. At that time, it referred to（被提及）the old New Orleans style of music. This music came from the Negro（黑人的）religious（宗教）songs and songs of celebration（庆典）. One major part of the music was its beat【节奏】, of cour. Another, and sometimes more important
（谈话）. You can’t always tell what’s coming next during a talk with some friends. The New Orleans musicians were like that. They took a tune(曲调) and played what came into their minds, just as you say what comes into your mind in a conversation（谈话、对话）.
2. 有趣的是，爵士乐（jazz)最初拼写为——jass，它是一种古老的新奥尔良风格的音乐，发源于黑人的宗教和庆典音乐。其主要特征当然是它独特的节奏，而另一个特征也许更为重要，那就是像谈话一样的演奏方式。和朋友聊天时，你不可能总是去想下一个话题是什么。新奥尔良的音乐人们就是这样演奏的——先定个调，然后演奏出心中涌出音符，就像聊天时随口说出那些涌入脑中的话。
智慧工程3.The early musical groups（乐队）were very small in comparison to（与…相比较）the big bands （大乐队）that formed later. At times【有时】two rival【竞争的】groups of musicians would stage a “cutting ssion.” It was a sort of musical fight. Whichever group could outlast the other was the winner. If they both lasted as well, the better group would probably be chon by the audience（观众、听众）. Of cour, the battle（比赛、战斗）had advertising value too.
3.较之后来的乐队，早期的音乐组合规模比较小。有时两个互相较量的乐队会登台进行一场“淘汰赛”，就像音乐擂台，能够唱到最后的乐队就是胜者。如果不分胜负，就会由观众选出表现更好的乐队。当然，这种擂台赛也非常具有广告价值。
4.This music later became known as（以…而闻名）Dixieland , a term you have probably heard before. There are different styles of Dixieland. We have mentioned（提到）the New Orleans style, which was popular at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. As the fame【名声，名望】of the music spread（传播、扩大）up the Mississippi River, a style called the Chicago style developed. Later, we hear of the New York style. If you get a chance to listen to the types of music carefully, you can hear the difference.
4.后来这种音乐被称作“迪克西兰爵士乐（Dixieland)”，这是人们所熟知的。当然，迪克西兰爵士还有
chine go to publc wc许多不同的风格。上面提到的新奥尔良风格在十九世纪末和二十世纪初非常流行。当这种音乐风格蜚声密西西比河流域时，另一种芝加哥风格的爵士乐悄然出现了，后来还有了我们所熟知的纽约风格。当你静听这些爵士乐时，一定能品味出它们之间的不同。
英文版吻别歌词5.the early days of jazz, but just what is it? Generally, it consists of（包括）the beat we mentioned before. It should have some “make it up as you go along” music, too. This is the reason for many arguments（争论）among jazz lovers. When Swing（摇摆乐）came along near the 1930s, we saw big bands playing music that had already（事先）been written out（写出）for them. Some argued that this was not really （不完全是）jazz. At any rate, the King of Swing, Benny Goodman, certainly plead many people with his big band. His jazz (or Swing) really hit the big time（巨大成功）in 1938. In January of that year, his orchestra（管弦乐队）played a jazz concert in New York’s Carnegie Hall（卡内基音乐厅）. The concert hall usually booked operas（歌剧）and symphonies （交响乐）. On that evening, it was treated to the blare【嘟嘟声】of trumpets（小号）and the crashing【最好的，非凡的】, jumping music of the Goodman orchestra. Luckily, the concert was recorded; so it can still be heard.
5.以上我们谈到了爵士乐的早期发展，但它到底是什么？一般来说，爵士乐应该包含上文提到过的独特节奏，还有那种“一边演奏一边即兴发挥” 的演奏形式。但这也造成了爵士乐迷之间的很多争论。当摇摆乐（Swing)在二十世纪三十年代出现时，许多大型乐队演奏的音乐是事先创作好的，因此有人质疑它不是真正的爵士。但不论怎样，班尼•古德曼（BennyGoodman) 的确用他的大型爵士乐队让众多观众获得愉悦的感受，他的爵士（或摇摆乐）在1938年取得了巨大成功。那年的1月，他的管弦乐队在纽约的卡耐基音乐厅举行了一场爵士音乐会；通常这座音乐厅只举办歌剧和交响乐音乐会，而那天晚上，整个音乐厅流淌出小号的嘟嘟声以及古德曼乐队演奏出的强烈而具跳跃性的音乐。幸运的是，这场音乐会被录了音，直到现在我们仍然能幸运地欣赏到它。
6.From the Goodman orchestra came many great musicians, some of whom formed their own orchestras. Perhaps two of the best known （最著名的）are Harry James and Gene Krupa. Goodman himlf played at the Worlds Fair in Brusls, Belgium, and along with James and Krupa achieved（获得）life-long fame.
6.从古德曼乐团走出了许多伟大的音乐人，其中一些还组织了自己的乐团。他们之中最著名的是哈里•詹姆斯和吉恩•克鲁帕二位。古德曼本人曾在比利时布鲁塞尔的世界博览会上演奏，与詹
姆士和克鲁帕一样获得终身的盛誉。
7.Now we come to the 1940s，when a music called “BeBop ” was invented. It didn't last too long, but it was fun. This was very strange music, unlike much of what had gone before it. Many of the musicians did not like Swing or Dixieland; so they thought that they had to do things in a completely（完全地）different way. Sometimes the music they played did not really sound like music at all, but at least they were being “different.”
7.现在，让我们来到二十世纪四十年代。此时一种叫“比波普（BeBop)” 的爵士乐出现了，尽管它流行的时间不长，但却非常有趣。它曲风独特，与以前的大不相同。这种类型的音乐人不喜欢摇摆乐或迪克西兰风格，因此他们决心创造一种完全不同的音乐。有时他们演奏的甚至不能称之为音乐，但至少他们做到了与众不同。
8.From all the kinds of music, we come to the prent. Today we still have Dixieland, and a type of big-band Swing, although that term is not ud so much. We have the small groups of jazzmen with us, too. They play the modem jazz that grew from the music of the early 1940s and 1950s. There are many different styles and individuals（个人）playing this kind of jazz today.
8.经历种种不同的音乐形式，我们来到现代。尽管这些名词已经淡出人们视线，但今天我们仍然听迪克西兰和大乐队演奏的摇摆乐，在我们身边仍有许许多多的小型爵士乐队。他们演奏的现代爵士发源于二十世纪四十年代早期和五十年代的音乐，它形式多样，直到今天仍然有人在演奏。
9.Jazz is an American art form. It is considered（被认为是）art by many, and it developed only in America. In the past few decades（数十年）, it has become popular all over the world. Famous jazz musicians from Louis Armstrong and Duke Ellington to Chuck Mangione and Wynton Marsalis have performed all over the world, from Europe to Asia to the Middle East. Jazz has come a long way from the original New Orleans marching music.
9.爵士是一种纯美国的艺术形式。尽管被普遍认可，但它发展成熟于美国。在过去的几十年中，它在全世界流行起来，著名的爵士音乐家，从路易斯•阿姆斯特朗（Louis Armstrong)、艾灵顿公爵（Duke Ellington)到查克•曼卓林（ChuckMangione)和文顿•马沙利斯（WyntonMarsalis)等都
