Part I The Anglo-Saxon Period(449-1066)
I Background
449 the Teutons ( the Jutes, the Anglos, the Saxons)
II Literature
The literature of this period falls into two divisions—pagan and Christian
Two Anglo-saxon Christian poets:
Caedmon （凯德蒙，公元7世纪盎各鲁－萨克逊基督教诗人）who lived in the latter half of the 7th century and who wrote a poetic Paraphra of the Bible.
Cynewulf（基涅武甫，盎各鲁――萨克逊诗人，生活在公元9世纪，其古英语诗稿于10世纪被发现，有《埃琳娜》,《使徒们的命运》，《基督升天》和《朱莉安娜》）, the author of poems on religious subjects
III The Song of Beowulf( Beowulf, 公元7-8世纪之交开始流传于民间的同名史诗中的主人公，曾与水怪，火龙搏斗)
Status: England’s national epic支配的意思
Written at the beginning of the tenth century
Compod much earlier
Length:3182
The whole song is esntially pagan in spirit and matter.
Features : alliteration; metaphors; understatement
Subject matter
Part II The Anglo-Norman Period (1066—1350)
I historical background: The Norman Conquest
II. The Literature
The literature which they brought to England is remarkable for its bright, romantic tales of love and adventure.
III. Romance
1. Romance was the prevailing form of literature in feudal England.
2. Definition and features(理解)
IV. Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
a late-14th century middle-English outlining an adventure of Sir Gawain, a knight of King Arthur’s Round Table.
It was a ver romance of 2530 lines, considered as the best of Arthurian roman ces.
Part III Geoffrey Chaucer(1340?-1400)
I Major works
The Romaunt of the Ro《玫瑰传奇》is a translation from a French poem.
crazierHis masterpiece: The Canterbury Tales
II Contributions
1. Chaucer—the forerunner of Renaissanc e
2. Chaucer –a master of realism
3 Chaucer—“father of English poetry”
①In contradistinction to the alliterative ver of the Anglo-Saxon poetry, Chaucer cho the metrical form which laid the foundation of the English tonic-syllabic ver.
②He introduced from France the rhymed couplet (two successive lines of ver equal in length and with thyme) of iambic pentameter which is to be called later the heroic couplet
III the Canterbury tales
1. status
The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer's masterpiece and one of the monumental works in English literature
2. It contains
(1) a general prologue (over 800 lines)
(2) 24 tales
(3) parate prologues and “the links that accompany some of the tales‖
Part IV The Renaissance
I.The Renaissance
Features
① A thirsting curiosity for the classical literature.
②The keen interest in the activities of humanity.
Esnce: humanism
II. The 16th century England
III. The Renaissance Literature in England
Figures
1/ Thomas More (1478-1535, 托马斯·莫尔)—the Forerunner of utopian socialism
Utopia《乌托邦》(1516)
2/ France Bacon (1561-1626，弗朗西斯·培根）--the scientist, philosopher and essayist
3/ Thomas Wyatt (1503?-1542, 托玛斯·维亚特）--a poet, the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature
4/. Edmund Spenr (1552-1599，埃德蒙·斯宾塞)，a great poet
The Faerie Queene《仙后》（1590）
5/ Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)—the greatest pioneer of English drama
Contributions:
He reformed the genre of drama in England and perfected the language and ver of dramatic works.
He made blank ver the principal vehicle of expression in drama
6/ Pro writers
John Lily(1553-1606，约翰·黎利) Eupheus（尤弗伊斯）gives the term of euphuismclassical
Thomas Loge (1558-1625，托马斯·洛奇)
Thomas Deloney (1543-1600，托马斯·德罗尼）
Thomas Nashe（1567-1601，托马斯·纳西）
William Shakespeare (1564-1616)
I. status: the greatest of all English authors; one of tho rare genius of mankind; landmark in the history of world culture; one of the first founders of realism; a masterhand at realistic portrayal of human characters and relations the greatest dramatist in human history and the supreme poet of the English language—he wrote poems and plays
II works
diet coke
①Poems
sonnets: 154
2 narrative poems
Venus and Adonis 《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》
The Rape of Lucrece《鲁克莉斯受辱记》
②plays(38)
tragedies
Romeo and Juliet
4 great tragedies (Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth )
comedies
Mid- Summer’ Night’s Dream
anxhistories
III.Selected reading
九月英文>pik①Hamlet
②Sonnet 18
Francis Bacon (1561-1626)
I title：Philosopher, scientist(the inventor of scientific method); Statesman Jurist(法学家）; essayist
II. works
Bacon’s works may be divided into three class:
a. the philosophical works:
Advancement of Learning (1605, in English)
Novum Organum (1620, in Latin)
fieldofviewDe Augmentis (1623, in latin)
b. the literary works:
Essays( 1597,1612, 1625)
c. the professional works:
Maxism of the Law
Reading on the Statute of Us 用益权法
Part V The 17th Century The period of Revolution and Restoration
I. Social Background
1. The 17th century was one of the most tempestuous[动荡的] periods in
English history.
2.In 1642, the civil war (English revolution/ Puritan revolution) broke out
between Charles I and the parliament.
3. The restoration (1660)
4.The glorious revolution(1688)
II. Puritan and Puritanism
III. Literature of the 17th century
1.The revolution period
General Characteristics
①The Revolution Period was one of confusion in literature due to the breaking
up of the old ideals. The Puritans believed in simplicity of life. They disapproved of the sonnets and the love poetry written in the previous period.
②The Puritan influence in general tended to suppress literary art. Y et this hard,
stern ct produced a great poet, John Milton, and a great pro writer, John Bunyan.
③Literature in the Puritan Age expresd sadness. Even its brightest hours
were followed by gloom and pessimism.
④John Milton, who work would glorify any age and people, and in his work会计制度设计
the indomitable（不屈服的）revolutionary spirit found its noblest expression.
For this reason, this period is also called Age of Milton．
⑤The main literary form of the period was poetry. Besides Milton, there were
two other groups of poets, the Metaphysical Poets and the Cavalier Poets.
2. Literature of the Restoration
general characteristics
① a sudden breaking away from old standards
②Restoration literature is deeply influenced by French classical taste. It is a period of French influence.
rimed couplets-blank ver
The unities
A more regular construction
The prentations of types rather than individuals
③restoration comedies
Restoration created a literature of its own that was often witty and clever, but on the whole immoral and cynical. The most popular genre was that of comedy who chief aim was to entertain the licentious aristocrats. The comedies are coar in language and their view of the relations between men and women is immoral and dishonest.
④John Dryden (1631-1670)
critic, poet, and playwright
the most distinguished literary figure of the time
(一)John Donne (1573-1631)
I ①The founder of the Metaphysical School and very influential upon modern writers
②a preacher famous for his magnificent rmons at his time
III Major W orks
Early works: Songs and Sonnets
( written before 1600, 55 love poems)
The Flea 《跳蚤》
Song: Go and Catch a Falling Star
ode to my familyWoman’s Consta ncy 《女人的忠贞》
A Valediction : of Weeping《别离辞：哭泣》
A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning《别离辞：节哀》
late works: Religious poems and rmons
(二) John Milton(1608-1674)
I status ①A great puritan poet
②his work would glorify any age or people, and in him the indomitable puritan spirit finds the noblest expression.
II Milton’s Works
Three literary periods:
①early period: poems written in Cambridge and at Horton
②middle-aged period: pro pamphlets
Areopagitica(Speech for the Liberty of Unlicend
Printing,1644 )
