一个人的生命究竟有多大意义这有什么标准可以衡量吗提出一个绝对的标准当然很困难但
是大体上看一个人对待生命的态度是否严肃认真看他对待劳动、工作等等的态度如何也就不
难对这个人的存在意义做出适当的估计了。古来一切有成就的人都很严肃地对待自己的生
命当他活着一天总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习不肯虚度年华不让时间白白地浪费掉。我国历代的劳动人民及大政治家、大思想家等等都莫不如此。How significant is a person s life Is there any standard to measure it It will be very difficult to put forward an absolute standard but
in general the significance of one s existence can be estimated by how he treats his life by what attitude he takes to work and what ways he choos to live. From ancient times up to now all the accomplished people treat their lives very riously. They work and learn as much as possible. They hate to spend the best of their lives in vain they do not want to let their time slip by. All the laboring people great statesmen and thinkers of our country at all ages treasure their time in this way. 原文It is simple enough to say that since books have class fiction biography poetry—we should parate them and take from each what it is right that each should give us. Yet few people ask from books what books can give us. Most commonly we come to books with blurred and divided minds asking of fiction that it shall be true of poetry that it shall be fal of biography that
it shall be flattering of history that it shall enforce our own prejudices. If we could banish all such preconception when we read that would be an admirable beginning. Do not dictate to your author
try to become him. Be his fellowworker and accomplice. If you hang back and rerve and criticize at first you are preventing yourlf from getting the fullest possible value from what you read. But if you open your mind as widely as possible then signs and hints of almost imperceptible finess from the twist and turn of the first ntences will bring you into the prence of a human
being unlike any other. Steep yourlf in this acquaint yourlf with this and soon you will find
that your author is giving you or attempting to give you something far more definite. 英译汉然而几乎没有什么人会从书中提问书能给我们什么。最为普遍的是我们接触书时怀有一种不甚
清晰及与其相抵触的想法要求小说必须是真实的要求诗歌必须是虚构的要求传记必须是唱
赞歌的要求历史必须能够增强读者原有的认识。我们读书时若能驱逐所有这些先入之见读书
就会有一个良好的开端。不要规定作家做什么要设法使自己变成他变成他的合作者他的同
twoweeks
伙。如果你读书伊始就犹豫不决持保留态度或者要进行批评你就不能从阅读中得到最大益
处。如果你能尽量打开思路那么极细微的美质符号和暗示都会从曲折婉转的语句中显现出来
把你引到一个与众不同的人面前。 2 2003 得病以前我受父母宠爱在家中横行霸道一旦隔离
拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里我顿感打入冷宫十分郁郁不得志起来。一个春天的傍晚园中
百花怒放父母在园中设宴一时宾客云集笑语四溢。我在山坡的小屋里悄悄掀起窗帘窥见园中
大千世界一片繁华自己的哥姐堂表弟兄也穿插其间个个喜气洋洋。一霎时一阵被人摒弃为世
所遗的悲愤兜上心头禁不住痛哭起来。Before I fell ill my parents doted on me a lot. I could have my way at home. Once I was isolated and confined in a chamber on the hillside of the garden I suddenly felt I was neglected and became very depresd. One spring evening my parents held a Banquet in the garden where all sorts of flowers were in full bloom. In no time a crowd of their guests collected and laughter was heard all over there. I without being noticed lifted the curtain in
my small room only to spy the bustle of a kaleidoscopic world down in the garden and my elder sisters brothers and my cousins each full of the joys of spring were shuttling among the guests. Quickly enough I was thrown into a fist of sorrowful anger at being forgotten and discarded by the rest and could not help crying my heart out. E-C原文In his classic novel ―The Pioneers‖James Fem
inore Cooper has his hero a land developer take his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. He describes the broad streets rows of hous a teeming metropolis. But his cousin looks
around bewildered. All she es is a forest ―Where are the beauties and improvements which y
ou
‖
were to show me‖she asks. He’s astonished she can’t e them. ―Where Why everywhere he replies. For though they are not yet built on earth he has built them in his mind and they are as
concrete to him as if they were already constructed and finished. Cooper was illustrating a
distinctly American trait future-mindedness: the ability to e the prent from the vantage point of
the future the freedom to feel unencumbered by the past and more emotionally attached to things
to come. As Albert Einstein once said ―Life for the American is always becoming never being.‖
译文在其经典小说《开拓者》中詹姆士·菲尼摩尔·库珀让主人公一个土地开发商带他的表
裁员英文
妹参观正在由他承建的一座城市。他描述了宽阔的街道林立的房屋热闹的都市。他的表妹环
顾四周大惑不解。她所看见的只是一片树林。―你想让我看的那些美景和改造了的地方在哪
儿啊‖她问道。他见表妹看不到那些东西感到很惊讶。―哪儿到处都是啊‖他答道。虽然那
些东西还未建成在大地上但他已在心中将它们建好了。对他来说它们都是实实在在的宛如已
建成竣工一样。库珀这里阐明的是一种典型的美国人特性着眼于未来即能够从未来的角度
看待现在可以自由地不为过去所羁绊而在情感上更多地依附于未来的事物。正如阿尔伯
特·爱因斯坦曾经说过的那样―对美国人来说生活总是在发展变化中从来不会静止不变。‖
3 200
4 在人际关系问题上我们不要太浪漫主义。人是很有趣的往往在接触一个人时首先看
到的都是他或她的优点。这一点颇像是在餐馆里用餐的经验。开始吃头盘或冷碟的时候印象
很好。吃头两个主菜时也是赞不绝口。愈吃愈趋于冷静吃完了这顿筵席缺点就都找出来了。
于是转喜为怒转赞美为责备挑剔转首肯为摇头。这是因为第一开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状
态而饿了吃糠甜加蜜饱了吃蜜也不甜。第二你初到一个餐馆开始举筷时有新鲜感新盖的茅房
三天香这也可以叫做―陌生化效应‖。We shouldn’t be too romantic about human relationships. Human beings are funny. Usually when they meet a person they will first notice his
ike the experience of dinning in a restaurant. The starter or cold dish will
or her merits. It’s just l
leave you a very good impression. You will be full of prai while eating the first two main
cours. The more you eat the calmer you will become. At the end of the dinner all the shortcomings come out. Then : first you are hungry when you begin eating. When you are hungry
the bran tastes as sweet as honey when you are full even the E-C原文For me the most interesting
thing about a solitary life and mine has been that for the last twenty years is that it becomes increasingly rewarding. When I can wake up and watch the sun ri over the ocean as I do most
no answer
days and know that I have an entire day ahead uninterrupted in which to write a few pages take a
walk with my dog read and listen to music I am flooded with happiness. I am lonely only when I
am overtired when I have worked too long without a break when for the time being I feel empty
and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip when I
have en a lot of people and talked a lot and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be
sorted out. Then for a little while the hou feels huge and empty and I wonder where my lf is
hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants and perhaps by looking again at each
one as though it were a person. It takes a while as I watch the surf blowing up in fountains but the
moment comes when the world falls away and the lf emerges again from the deep unconscious
bring back all I have recently experienced to be explored and slowly understood. 只有在我过于
劳累在我长时间无间断地工作在我感到内心空虚需要填补的时候我才寂寞。而有时在我巡回
演讲后回家时在我见了许多人讲了许多话且经历多得需要清理时我才寂寞。于是有那么一
小会儿感觉房子又大又空我都不知道我的自我藏在哪儿了。于是我会给植物浇浇水或者将
它们再挨个儿瞅瞅好像它们是人一样。这样我才慢慢地重新找回自我。好大一会儿我看着
水浪从喷泉中喷涌而出但只有当世界在我身边逐渐消逝时那一时刻才会到来自我又从内心
深处的无意识中冒出来带来我最近的种种经历让我探究慢慢领会。 4 1995 简.奥斯丁的小说
都是三五户人家居家度日婚恋嫁娶的小事。因此不少中国读者不理解她何以在西方享有那么
rett syndrome高的声誉。但一部小说开掘得深不深艺术和思想是否有过人之处的确不在题材大小。有人把
奥斯丁的作品比作越咀嚼越有味道的橄榄。这不仅因为她的语言精彩并曾对小说艺术的发展
有创造性的贡献也因为她的轻快活泼的叙述实际上并不那么浅白那么透明。史密斯夫人说过
女作家常常试图修正现存的价值秩序改变人们对―重要‖和―不重要‖的看法。也许奥斯丁
的小说能教我们学会转换眼光和角度明察到―小事‖的叙述所涉及的那些不小的问题。
However subject matter is indeed not the decisive factor by which we judge a novel of its depth as
well as of its artistic appeal and ideological content or: as to whether a novel digs deep or not or
precious是什么意思whether it excels in artistic appeal and ideological content. Some people compa re Austen’s works
to olives: the more you chew them the more tasty the tastier they become. This comparison is
bad not only on This is not only becau of her expressive language and her creative
contribution to the development of novel writing as an art but also on becau of the fact that what
hides behind her light and lively narrative is something implicit and opaque not so explicit and
transparent. Mrs. Smith once obrved women writers often sought made attempts to rectify the
‖and what
existing value concept s orders by changing people’s opinions on what is ―important
is not. E-C原文I by comparison living in my overpriced city apartment walking to work past
putrid sacks of street garbage paying usurious taxes to local and state governments I generally
abhor I am rated middle class. This caus me to wonder do the measurement make n Are we
measuring only that which is easily measured--- the numbers on the money chart --- and ignoring
values more central to the good life For my sons there is of cour the rural bounty of fresh-grown
vegetables line-caught fish and the shared riches of neighbours’ orchards and gardens. There is the unpaid baby-sitter for who children my daughter-in-law baby-sits in return and neighbours who
barter their skills and la bour. But more than that how do you measure renity Sen if lf I don
want to idealize life in small places. There are times when the outside world intrudes brutally as
when the cost of gasoline goes up or developers cast their eyes on untouched farmland. There arejade valerie
cruelties there is intolerance there are all the many vices and meanness in small places that exist
in large cities. Furthermore it is harder to ignore them when they cannot be banished
psychologically to another part of town or excud as the whims of alien groups --- when they
‖Nor do I want to belittle the opportunities for small
have to be acknowledged as ―part of us.
decencies in cities --- the eruptions of one-stranger-to-another caring that always surpri and
pointdelight. But the aresadlymore exceptions than rules and are often overwhelmed by the awful
corruptions and dangers that surround us. 答案对我的几个儿子来说乡村当然有充足的新鲜蔬
菜垂钓来的鱼邻里菜园和果园里可供分享的丰盛瓜果。乡下有不用付报酬便可请来照看孩子
的邻居作为回报我儿媳也帮着照看其孩子。乡邻之间互相交换技能和劳动。但比之更重要的
是你如何来衡量那静谧与安详如何来衡量自我价值呢我无意将小地方的生活理想化。因为
有时外面的世界会无情地侵入比如汽油价格上涨开发商把眼睛盯住尚未开发的农田那里充
斥着凶残和偏狭大城市的种种卑劣行径小地方也一应俱全。不仅如此当人们无法自欺欺人地
硬把那些丑恶现象想象成只是小地方的一小部分或将它们解释为异乡人的为所欲为而又不
得不承认这一切是我们的一部分时就更难以忽视它们。 5 1996 近读报纸对国内名片和请柬
的议论颇多于是想起客居巴黎时经常见到的法国人手中的名片和请柬随笔记下来似乎不无
借鉴之处。在巴黎名目繁多的酒会冷餐会是广交朋友的好机会。在这种场合陌生人相识如
果是亚洲人他们往往开口之前先毕恭毕敬地用双手把自己的名片呈递给对方这好像是不可个人素质
缺少的礼节。然而法国人一般却都不大主动递送名片双方见面寒暄几句甚至海阔天空地聊一
番也就各自走开只有当双方谈话投机希望继续交往时才会主动掏出名片。二话不说先递名片
反倒显得有些勉强。参考译文In Paris cocktail parties and buffet receptions of different kinds offer great opportunities for making friends. On such occasions strangers may get to know each other. If they are Asians they will very respectfully and with both hands prent their calling cards
to their interlocutors before any conversation starts. This ems to be the required courtesy on their part. The French however usually are not so ready with such a formality. Both sides will greet each other and even chat casually about any topic and then excu themlves. Only when they find they like each other and hope to further the relationship will they exchange cards. It will em very unnatu
ral to do so before any real conversation gets under way. E-C原文It should have been easy. They were battle-tested veterans with long ties to Reagan and even longer ties to the Republican party men who understood presidential politics as well as any in the country. The backdrop of the campaign was hospitable with lots of good news to work with: America was at
economy a key factor in any election was rebounding vigorously after peace and the nation’s
recession. Furthermore the campaign itlf was lavishly financed with plenty of money for a top-flight staff travel and television commercials. And most important their candidate was Ronald Reagan a president of tremendous personal popularity and dazzling communication skills. Reagan has succeed more than any president since John F. Kennedy in projecting a broad vision of America –a nation of renewed military strength individual initiative and smaller federal government. 参考译文这应该不是件难事。这都是些跟着里根多年、久经沙场的老将他们跟
共和党则有更深厚的渊源是这个国家里最熟悉总统政治的人。竞选的背景也很有利也很多好
cyu消息可供炒作。例如美国上下一片和平美国经济这一竞选要素也在经过一段时间的衰退之后
开始强劲反弹。此外这次竞选本身得到了慷慨资助因此有充裕的资用于组织一流的竞选班
子、支付巡回演讲和电视广告的费用。而最重要的一点是他们的候选人是罗纳德·里根他可是位极具个人魅力和沟通技巧的总统。自约翰·F·肯尼迪总统以来里根是最成功地勾勒出美
国蓝图的总统一个军事力量复兴、富有个人进取心、联邦政府得以精简的国家。 6 1997 C-E 原文来美国求学的中国学生与其他亚裔学生一样大多非常刻苦勤奋周末也往往会抽出一天
甚至两天的时间去实验室加班因而比起美国学生来成果出得较多。我的导师是亚裔人嗜烟好
酒脾气暴躁。但他十分欣赏亚裔学生勤奋与扎实的基础知识也特别了解亚裔学生的心理。因此在他实验室所招的学生中除有一名来自德国外其余5位均是亚裔学生。他干脆在实验室的
门上贴一醒目招牌―本室助研必须每周工作7天早10时至晚12时工作时间必须全力以赴。‖这位导师的严格及苛刻是全校有名的在我所呆的3年半中共有14位学生被招进他的
实验室最后博士毕业的只剩下5人。1990年夏天我不顾别人劝阻硬着头皮接受了导师的资
助从此开始了艰难的求学旅程。参考译文Like students from other Asian countries and regions most Chine students who come to pursue their further education in the United States work on their studies most diligently and assiduously. Even on weekends they would frequently spend one day or even two days to work overtime in their laboratories. Therefore compared with their American counte
rparts they are more academically fruitful. My supervisor is of Asian origin.
anticipate
He is addicted to alcohols and cigarettes with a sharp/irritable temper. Nevertheless he highly appreciates the industry and the solid foundational knowledge of Asian students and has a particularly keen insight into what Asian students have on their mind. Hence of all the students recruited into his laboratory except for one German the other five were all from Asia. He even put
an eye-catching notice on the door of his lab which read ―All the rearch assistants of this laboratory are required to work 7 days a week from 10: to 12: Nothing but work during the working hours.‖This supervisor is reputed on .
