名师原创：核心词汇详解
1．expand乏味是什么意思 v．(使)膨胀，扩大，扩张；阐述，详谈
①expand on细说，阐述
②expand in/into把……扩展，发展，膨胀
③expansion n．扩充，开展，膨胀，扩张物，辽阔，浩瀚
④expansive adj.易膨胀的，易扩张的，广阔的
initials⑤expansively adv.可扩张地，辽阔地
误区警示：expand是“范围”扩张；extend是“延伸”。
朗文在线：
①chrissieMetals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
金属热胀冷缩。
②达姆弹The boy expanded his chest by breathing deeply.
那个男孩深呼吸而鼓起胸部。
③He expanded on his new theory.
他详细地谈论了自己的新理论。
命题方向：高考中会考查expand与其它相近含义的动词的辨析。
【活学巧练】
Why not try to ________ your story into a novel？It is very popular.
A．expend B．expand C．expen D．expect
答案与解析：B此题是对词义的考查。expend“花费，耗费”；expand“发展”；expen是名词“花费”；expect“期望”。据题意应为B项。
2. contract v.缩小；使……收缩；和……签订合同
Metals expand when heated and contract when cooled.
金属加热时膨胀，冷却时收缩。
(拓展)contract sth. with sb.=contract with sb. for sth.
与某人订立……合同
make a contract with 与……签订合同
sign a contract 签订合同
The cooker doesn’t work becau of an _______ fault.(electrical)
3. stage n. 阶段、时期
the plan is still in its early stage.这个计划仍处于初级阶段。
4．conclusion n．结论，决定，结束，结局，协定，协议
①reach/draw/come to/arrive at＋a conclusion得出结论
②in conclusion最后
③ a conclusion结束……
④肖申克的救赎下载jump at conclusions匆匆作出结论
⑤conclude vt.结束，断定，推断出
⑥to conclude 最后(一句话)
⑦conclude sth. with sth.以……使某事物结束
⑧conclude sth. with sb.与某人达成、缔结(条约等)
⑨conclusive adj.最后的；结论性的；确定性的
误区警示：in conclusion这个短语中没有冠词。
朗文在线：
①I found the conclusion of the film very moving.
我觉得这部电影的结尾很让人感动。
②the successful conclusion of a trade treaty
贸易条约的成功签署
③I will in conclusion(最后)say a few words about discipline.
④The outcome of the election is a foregone conclusion(结尾)．
⑤To conclude(最后)，I wish you all good health and a long life.
命题方向：(1)to conclude, in conclusion可以用在写作中。
(2)作为独立成分来考查in conclusion和in a word等的区别。
(1)________，I’d like to show my appreciation to whoever is prent.
A．With conclusion B．In conclusion
C．For conclusion D．To conclusion
答案与解析：B此题是对conclusion短语的考查。in conclusion＝to conclude“最后(一句话)；总之”。
5．aim n．[C]目标；目的；[U]瞄准；对准 vt.&vi.瞄准；对准；旨在；立志
What’s your aim in helping that man?
①aim sth. at 瞄准
②be aimed at 瞄准，针对
③aim at sth./doing sth.以……为目标
④aim to do sth.打算做某事
⑤take aim at sb./sth.把目标对准某人/某事物
⑥without aim无目的地
⑦aimless adj.无目的的；无目标的
深圳学历教育⑧aimlessly adv.无目的地，盲目地
误区警示：注意aim作为动词和名词时的不同用法。
①permit的用法Our aims are to become famous football players.
我们的目标是成为著名的足球运动员。
命题方向：考题常在完形填空中考查aim的语义。
(1)He________(瞄准)(his gun)at the target, fired and misd it.
(2)She‘s________(争取，努力)at a scholarship.
(3)We must________(力求)at increasing/to increa exports.
(4)He has only one________(目的)in life—to become rich.
aimed/aiming/take aim/aim
6. electrical adj.与电有关的
This machine has an electrical fault.
这台机器有电路故障。
(辨析)electrical\electrical
(1)electric 表示与电直接有关的，指“用电操作的生电的物体”。
(2)electrical 表示与电有关的人或事物，指“点的，用电的”。
用electric或electrical填空
The heavy truck is driven by __________ motor.(electric)pkg
7. equipment n.设备，装备
We have the best modern equipment in our factory.
我们厂有最好的现代化设备。
注意：equipment为不可数名词，没有复数形式。
[拓展] equip vt.配备；装备
高中英语必修1equip sb.\sth. With sth. 为……配备……
be 装备、配备有……
We equip our army with modern weapons.
8. react vi.& vt.
(1)vi．(对……)产生反应；回应，对应。与to搭配使用。
Eyes react to light.眼睛对光会有反应。
He didn’t react to the news.他对那消息没作出反应。
(2)vi.对……给予反应，起作用，有影响。常与on 或upon连用。Applau reacts upon a speaker.
(听众的)鼓掌对演讲人会有影响。
(3)vi.抗拒，反抗(构成react against sth.\sb.)
The students reacted against the political system.
学生们反抗政治制度。
(4)vi.&vt.(化学)发生反应(构成react with sth.)
Many chemical substances react with oxygen.
英语小知识许多化学物质与氧气发生反应。
9. form vt. &n. 形成，构成，养成，形状，形式，表格
【搭配】
form the habit of ...养成……的习惯
He has formed the habit of getting up early. 他已养成早起的习惯。
in the form of 以……的形式
a form of 一种
Water exists below zero in the form of solid.水在零度以下一固体的形式存在。
10. balance n. 天平；平衡 vt.&vi.平衡；称；权衡；对比；结算
【搭配】
keep one’s balance 保持平衡
lo one’s balance 失去平衡
a n of balance 平衡感
Try to keep balance between work and relaxation. 尽量保持工作和休闲平衡。
The man on the boat lost his balance and fell into the river. 船上的那个人失去了平衡，掉进了水里。
balance balanced adj.平衡的
balanced diet平衡饮食
We must balance the two plans. 我们必须把这两个计划比较一下。
11.astonished adj.吃惊的；惊愕的
be astonished 对……感到惊讶
be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶
astonish vt.使十分惊讶
astonishing adj.令人惊讶的
astonishment n．惊讶
to one’s astonishment使某人惊讶的是
注意：astonished表示“吃惊的”，常以人作主语；
astonishing表示“令人惊讶的”，常以事物作主语。
[语境助记]:
(1)There were an astonishing number of applicants for the job.
申请这份工作的人数多得惊人。
(2)I was astonished by/at the great progress that he had made.
