专业英语八级（听力）模拟试卷202winsys (题后含答案及解析)
题型有：1. LISTENING COMPREHENSION
PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION
SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this ction you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, plea complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically and mantically acceptable. You may u the blank sheet for note-taking.You have THIRTY conds to preview the gap-filling task.
听力原文：Five Virtues of StyleGood morning, everyone. Welcome back to our ries on Classical Rhetoric. Today we’re continuing our five-part gment on the Five Canons of Rhetoric. So far we’ve covered the canons of invention and arrangement Today we’公共英语三级口语re discussing the canon of style, particularly on the five virtues of style.Lethou family’s begin with the first
virtue, correctness. Correctness means speaking or writing in accordance with the rules and norms of one’s language.[1]An effective communicator us words correctly and follows the rules of grammar and syntax. Why?[2]First, correct usage ensures clear and preci communication.[3]And cond, correctly using language establishes credibility with an audience becau it indicates the speaker or writer is well-educated, understands the nuances of language, and pays attention to details. When someone catches language mistakes in a speech or piece of text, the thought often aris, 活版翻译“If the author can’t even follow the basic rules of grammar or even take the time and effort to review them, why should I trust what he has to say?” When you’re attempting to persuade others, try to avoid anything that would distract your audience from your argument. Don’t give them a reason to discredit you by being lazy with correct grammar and usage.[4]Coming up is the cond virtue, clarity. It’s hard to be persuasive when people can’t even understand what you’re trying to say. Clear and simple writing ensures that your message never gets lost between you and your audience. Remember: smart writing is simple writing.Clear and simple writing is actually quite difficult to do. It requires you to thi
nk hard about your topic, get at its core, and then put that core in terms that your audience can understand. Here are a few tips on writing and speaking with greater clarity.Firstly, write or speak something an 8th grader can understand. If an 8th grader can understand your speech or article, then chances are an adult of average education can too. Practice this by taking complex legal/ethical issues or scientific theories and writing a short blurb that could be put in an 8th grade textbook.Secondly,[5]u strong verbs. Avoid is, are, was, were, be, being, been. So instead of saying “Diane was killed by Jim,” say “Jim killed Diane.” It’s shorter, clearer, and punchier. Whenever I edit my writing, I always do a ctrl+f for tho verbs and e if I can replace them with stronger verbs. Although sometimes you can’t do so without the ntence sounding wor than before.Thirdly,[6]keep average ntence length to about 20 words. Sentence length is one of the biggest factors in determining how easy it is to understand what you’re saying or writing. Ideas can get lost in super long ntences. While you should avoid really long ntences as much as possible, you don’t want all your ntences to be just five words each either. That makes your writing and speaking sound choppy and rushed. Shoot for a
n average of about 20 words a ntence. And mix ntences of varying lengths together.The third virtue of style is evidence. We’watermelon什么意思re not using “evidence” in the n of facts you provide to prove a logical argument. For classical rhetoricians, the quality of evidence was a way to[7]measure how well language reached the e-motions of an audience through vivid description. Remember that most people are persuaded more by emotion than by logic.[8]One of the best ways to elicit an emotional respon from people is to appeal to their physical ns by using vivid descriptions. For example, let’s say you’re making the ca to your state legislator that your state needs to devote more funds towards fighting childhood hunger.[9]Instead of starting your speech or letter by spouting off a bunch of dry facts, it would be more persuasive to tell a story of a specific child who’s a victim of hunger. In your story, describe the conditions this child is living in—the smells, the sights, the sounds. Describe the pangs of hunger that gnaw on his stomach every night while he lies crying softly, curled in ball on a urine-soaked mattress. Who wouldn’t want to help this kid? That副教授英文’s the quality of evidence in action.[10]Now let’s turn to the fourth virtue of style, propriety.[11]Propriety is the quality of style concerned wit
h lecting words that fit with the subject matter of your speech and ensuring theyscouts’re appropriate for your audience and for the occasion. Simply put, propriety means saying the right thing, at the right place, at the right time. A common rhetorical event where you e the quality of propriety flagrantly violated is the best man speech at a wedding. I can’david bondt count how many of the speeches I’ve witnesd where the best man says some thing that makes everyone in the room cringe. You’d think it’d be common n, but a wedding toast in front of a groom’s new wife and her family isn’t an appropriate place to talk about the groom’s past relationships or a night of drunken debauchery you had with him back in your college days. You might think it’s funny, but a wedding reception isn’t the place for that sort of humour. It’d be fine at a roast, but not a toast.The last one to be mentioned is ornateness.[12]Ornate-ness involves making your speech or text interesting to listen to or read by using figures of speech and[13]manipulating the sound and rhythm of words. Classical rhetoricians focud on incorporating different figures of speech to decorate their speeches. Here are a few that I particularly enjoy using.[14]The first one is Antanaclasis. It means repetition of a word in two different ns. For example: “If we do
n’t hang together, wealways’ll hang parately.” Benjamin Franklin said.The cond one is simile. It is an explicit comparison, often employing ven habits“like” or “as.” John Steinbeck in his book The Grapes of Wrath wrote: “The full green hills are round and soft as breasts.”[15]Finally, metaphor. It means a comparison made by e-quating one thing with another, showing that two unlike things have something in common. Our most familiar example might be this ntence: “A mighty fortress is our God.”OK I have outlined the five virtues of style for you. Remember the correctness, clarity, evidence, propriety and ornateness of the style. When you write a speech or produce a text, remember to follow the five virtues.
