英国文学史名词解释
1. Ballad(民谣)
A ballad originally is a song intended as an accompaniment to a dance or a popular song. In the relatively recent n, now most widely ud, a ballad is a single, spirited poem in short stanzas, in which some popular story is graphically narrated. The ingredients of ballads usually include a refrain, stock descriptive phras, and simple, ter dialogue.
2. Alliteration(头韵)
It refers to a repeated initial consonant to successive words and it is the most striking feature in its poetic form. In alliterative ver, certain accented words in a line begin with the same consonant sound. There are generally 4 accents in a line, three of which show alliteration, and it is the initial sound of the third accented syllable that normally determiners the alliteration. In old English ver, alliteration is not an unusual or expressive phenomenon but a regular recurring structural feature of the ver.
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3. Sonnet (十四行诗)eyour
It is a poem of 14 lines (of 11 syllables in Italian and 10 in English), typically in rhymed iambic pentameter. Sonnets characteristically express a single theme or idea.
The sonnet was introduced to England by Sir T. Wyatt and developed Henry Howard (Earl of Surrey) and was thereafter widely ud notably in the sonnet quences of Shakespeare, Sidney, and Spenr. 4. Tragedy(悲剧)
The word is applied broadly to dramatic works in which events move to a fatal or disastrous conclusion. It is concerned with the harshness and apparent injustice of life. Often the hero falls from power and his eventual death leads to the downfall of others. The tragic action arous feelings of awe in the audience.
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5. Lyric(抒情诗)尤其
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bigotAs a genre, it was the tradition of popular song flourishing in all the medieval literatures of Western Europe. In England lyric poems flourished in the Middle English period, and in th
e 16th century, heyday of humanism. This tradition was enriched by the direct imitation of ancient models. During the next 200 years the links between poetry and music was gradually broken, and the term “lyric” came to be applied to short poems expressive of a poet’s thoughts or feelings.
6. Epic(史诗)
It is a poem that celebrates in the form of a continuous narrative the achievements of one or more heroic personages of history or tradition. Among the great epics of the world may be mentioned the Iliad, Odysy, Aeneid, and Paradi Lost.
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7. Renaissance(文艺复兴)
The word “renaissance” means rebirth or revival. It is commonly applied to the movement or period of great flowering of art, architecture, politics, and the study of literature, usually en as the end of the Middle Ages and the beginning of the Modern worn world. It came about under the influence of Greek and Roman models. It began in Italy in the late 14th c
entury, reached the highest development in the early 16th century, and spread to the rest of Europe in the 15th century and afterwards. Its emphasis was humanist: that is , on regarding the human figure and reason without a necessary relating of it to the superhuman.好看的英语单词
8. Enlightenment(启蒙运动)
Enlightenment also called the neoclassic movement. It refers to the philosophical and artistic movement growing out of the Renaissance and continuing until the 19th century. The term is generally ud to describe the philosophical, scientific, and rational spirit, the freedom from superstition, the skepticism and faith in religious tolerance of much of 18th-century Europe. Te Enlightenment writers would u satire to ridicule the illogical errors in government, social custom, and religious belief. This period’s poetry in England was typified by Alexander Pope, John Dryden and others.
9. Classicism(古典主义)
The term, when applied generally, means clearness, elegance, symmetry, and repo (清新、优雅、对称与和谐) produced by attention to traditional forms. More precily, the term refers to the admiration and imitation of Greek and Roman literature, art, and architecture. It stands for certain definite ideas and attitudes including dominance of reason, balance and other etc. Classicism is usually contrasted with romanticism.
10. Romanticism or Romantic Movement(浪漫主义)
The term refers to the literary and artistic movements of the late 18th and early 19th century. Romanticism rejected the rejected the earlier philosophy of the Enlightenment, which stresd that logic and reason were the best respon humans had in the face of cruelty, stupidity, superstition, and barbarism. The Romantics asrted that reliance upon emotion and natural passions provided a valid and powerful means of knowing and a reliable guide to ethics and living. Its stylistic keynote is intensity, and its watchword is imagination. Their writings are often t in rural, or Gothic tting and they show an obssive concern with “innocent” characters----children, young lovers, and animals. The major Romantic poets included Blake, Wordsworth, Keats, Shelley, and Byron.
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