208非谓语动词精讲精练
2018北京高考考点非谓语动词形式精讲与精练
应试口诀：现在分词表主动和进行；
过去分词表被动和完成；
不定式表目的和将来。
一．现在分词
1. 现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语可以表示时间(=when，as soon as )、原因(=as,since,becau)、结果(=so that)、条件(=if,unless)、让步(=though,even if)等
1)Arriving at the school,I found my classmates already in their places ,ready to begin the class.
2)Hearing the cry for help, they all rushed out.
猫市长
3)His parents died, leaving him a lot of money.
4)We were sitting by the window, talking about what happened yesterday.
5)A group of children ran out of the classroom, laughing and talking happily.
6)Having had supper,he went out for a walk.
7)Having lived in Beijing for 10 years he knows the city quite well.
8)Being asked to give a performance,she couldn’t very well refu.
9)Being protected by a thick wall,they felt quite safe.
篮球英语10)Having been given such a good chance, he wouldn’t give it up to others.
11)Having been praid by the teacher, the boy was very plead.
2.现在分词作作宾补
现在分词作宾补表示动作正在发生（即处于发生的过程中，还没有结束，或是一个反复进行的动作）
e,hear,notice,watch,keep,find,get,have,feel,listen to,look at,obrve,catch,discover,leave,
1）Suddenly he heard someone knocking gently on the window.
2）I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
3）Do you e a girl running towards us?
4）The lost boy was en playing in the river.
5）His words left me wondering what he was driving at.
6) I often catch him sleeping in class.
二．过去分词
影视化妆学校
1.过去分词作状语
分词可作时间、条件、结果、原因、伴随等状语，现在分词作状语，表示主动或进行的动作，过去分词状语表示被动或完成的动作，此时分词的逻辑主语是主句的主语，应注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。
原因:
1)Encouraged by the teacher,the students worked still harder than ever.
2)He soon fell asleep,tired by the journey.
3)Born into a poor family,he had to do part-time jobs when he was at school.
4)Sent to hospital without delay,the child was saved at last.
时间:
1)Seen from the hill,the city looks very beautiful.
2)Driven out of the hou,the cat climbed up the tree.
3)Heated,the metal expands.
4)Left alone in the room,the boy began to cry
条件:
1)Given more time,we could have done it better.
2)Taken in time,the medicine will be quite effective.
3)Looked at in another way,it is a problem of great importance.
4)Permitted to do it once more ,Tom could have done a better job.
留学出国留学伴随:
1)He turned away, greatly disappointed.
2)The professor came into the lab, followed by a group of the students.
3)“OK,”he said, plead.
4)He came to greet us, dresd as a businessman.
5)They got home finally, tired and hungry.
特例
be dresd in ; be interested in ; be prepared for ; be disappointed at ;
be crowded with ; be filled with ; be plead with ;be amazed at; be caught in;
be absorbed in ; be satisfied with ; be lost in thought ; be concerned about ; be devoted to ; be trapped in ; be stuck in ; be annoyed with ……
2.过去分词作宾补
过去分词作宾补与宾语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，与补充说明的成分之间有被动或完成意义。带过去分词作宾补的动词常见的有：
英语国家线
A.表示感官和心理状态的动词
e,hear,watch,look at,listento,notice,obrve,find,feel,consider
1)She was very glad to e her son well looked after.
2)I have never heard the song sung in English.
3)He was surprid to find his room cleaned.
4)He didn’t notice his wallet stolen.
5)I considered this problem ttled.
B.表示“使役”“致使”的动词get,have,keep,leave,make
1)When you speak,you should make yourlf understood.
2)Plea keep me informed of the latest development.i promi
3)She will get the fence mended.
C.表示要求、希望、命令的动词like,need,order,want,wish
1)Do you wish your breakfast brought to your room?
2）I should like the matter ttled immediately
D.过去分词用在“with +宾语＋宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：去职是什么意思
1)The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.
2)With many brightly-colored flowers planted around the building, his hou looks like a beautiful garden.
3)With everything well arranged, he left the office.
E.过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。
现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。
过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。
不定式作宾补：表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。eg: 1)He didn't notice me waiting. 2)I heard the song sung in English.
3)I saw him opening the window. 4)I saw the window opened.
5)I saw him open the window. 6)I heard her sing the song in English.
现在分词和过去分词作定语的比较
现在分词作前置定语表示正在进行的主动动作。
过去分词作前置定语表示被动，且有已经完成的含义。可换成相应的定语从句。
boiling water boiled water
the rising sun the rin sun
a burning stick a burned/burnt stick
a broken cup
wpe是什么
a falling tree a fallen tree
the people questioned in the room
the people singing in the room
the people taking part
beach是什么the boy sitting near the window
考核机制the factory built last year
the only ticket left
the students prent at the meeting
三．不定式
1. 动词不定式（短语）作宾语
I will leave it to you to make the final decision. 我将由你来做最后的决定。
